Biomarkers for diagnosis of transient ischemic attacks

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides methods and compositions for diagnosing and predicting the risk and cause of transient ischemic attacks (TIA).

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.61/364,334, filed on Jul. 14, 2010, the entire disclosure of which ishereby incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

STATEMENT AS TO RIGHTS TO INVENTIONS MADE UNDER FEDERALLY SPONSOREDRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

This invention was made with Government support under Grant No.NSO56302, awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The governmenthas certain rights in this invention.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides methods and compositions for diagnosingand predicting the risk and cause of transient ischemic attacks (TIA).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are common, affecting over 300,000persons per year in the United States alone. Though TIA symptoms resolveby definition, TIAs are far from benign. As many as 25% of TIA patientshave recurrent ischemic vascular events that occur within days to weeksfollowing a TIA (1-3). Despite the high incidence and clinicalimportance, the development of therapies specifically targeted towardTIA has been limited by the paucity of knowledge regarding theunderlying biology. Furthermore, the clinical diagnosis of TIA isimperfect and extensive evaluation in those incorrectly diagnosed withTIA is costly (4).

We have previously demonstrated that blood gene expression profiles inrats change following experimental ischemic strokes and TIAs (5). Verybrief focal ischemia in rats, simulating human TIA, elicits a dramaticchange in brain tissue characterized by increased Heat Shock Protein(HSP70) expression, microglial activation and macrophage infiltration(6). This change in brain cellular function and inflammation altersblood immune cells, a process that can be detected using whole genomeexpression analysis (5). Furthermore, the genes and associatedfunctional pathways differ markedly between very brief focal ischemiaand ischemic stroke (5).

Human TIAs have also been associated with alterations in systemicinflammation. TIA patients tend to have elevated C-reactive protein(CRP) (7), IL-6, VCAM-1 and cytokine levels, as well as elevatedleukocyte counts (8-10). Lp-PLA2, a marker of unstable atheroscleroticplaque, is also associated with TIA (11-12) as are fibrinogen (13-14)and D-Dimer (15). Whether such biological differences represent a causeor consequence of TIA remains unclear. However, better understanding ofthe pathophysiology represented by such differences will facilitatedevelopment of treatments targeted to TIA.

Gene expression has been useful for identifying differences betweenpatients with ischemic stroke and controls (16-18), but such studieshave not been applied to TIA. The present invention is based, in part,on gene expression profiles that provide insight into the immunologicaldifferences that exist in patients with TIAs.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides compositions and methods for determiningthe occurrence, predicting the risk of occurrence and predicting thecause of transient ischemic attacks.

Accordingly, in one aspect, the invention provides methods fordiagnosing a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a predisposition forexperiencing TIA, the method comprising: determining a level ofexpression of a plurality of TIA-associated biomarkers in a biologicalsample from a patient, wherein an increase or decrease of the level ofexpression compared to a control indicates that the patient has sufferedor is at risk of experiencing TIA, wherein the plurality ofTIA-associated biomarkers is selected from the biomarkers set forth inTables 1, 2, 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 7, 8 and 9.

In some embodiments, the methods further comprise obtaining a biologicalsample from the patient. In some embodiments, the biological sample isblood, serum or plasma.

In some embodiments, the determining step is performed at 3 or fewerhours after a suspected ischemic event. In some embodiments, theedetermining step is performed at 3 or more hours after a suspectedischemic event, for example, at about 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 or more hoursafter a suspected ischemic event. In some embodiments, the determiningstep is performed at least 24 hours after a suspected ischemic event.

In some embodiments, an increased expression level of one or more or allTIA-associated biomarkers selected from the group consisting ofDKFZP434B061, FAM55D, FLJ30375, IGFBP5, LTBR and SCN2A indicates thatthe patient has suffered or is at risk of experiencing TIA. In someembodiments, an increased expression level of one or more or allTIA-associated biomarkers selected from the group consisting of GABRB2,ELAVL3, TWIST1, DPPA4, DKFZP434P211, DLX6, ZNF479, ASTN2, SNX31,ALS2CR11, LOC440345 indicates that the patient has suffered or is atrisk of experiencing TIA.

In some embodiments, an increased expression level of one or more or allTIA-associated biomarkers selected from the group consisting of GABRB2,ELAVL3, COL1A1, SHOX2, GABRB2, TWIST1, DPPA4, DKFZP434P211, WIT1, SOX9,DLX6, ANXA3, EPHA3, SOX11, SLC26A8, CCRL1, FREM2, STOX2, ZNF479,LOC338862, ASTN2, FOLH1, SNX31, KREMEN1, ZNF479, ALS2CR11, FIGN, RORB,LOC732096, GYPA, ALPL, LHX2, GALNT5, SRD5A2L2, GALNT14, OVOL2, BMPR1B,UNC5B, ODZ2, ALPL, RASAL2, SHOX, C19orf59, ZNF114, SRGAP1, ELAVL2,NCRNA00032, LOC440345, FLJ30375, TFPI, PTGR1, ROBO1, NR2F2, GRM5, LUM,FLJ39051, COL1A2, CASP5, OPCML, TTC6, TFAP2B, CRISP2, SOX11, ANKRD30B,FLJ39051, SCN2A, MYNN, FOXA2, DKFZP434B061, LOC645323, SNIP, LOC645323,LOC374491, ADAM30, SIX3, F1136144, CARDS, KREMEN1, RP1-127L4.6, FAM149A,B3GAT2, SPOCK3, G30, ITGBL1, IQGAP3, C7orf45, ZNF608, LOC375010, LRP2,TGFB2, SHOX2, HOXC4///HOXC6, ELTD1, FAM182B///RP13-401N8.2, PRO0478,LIFR, FOLH1, EHF, NDST3, BRUNOL5, LOC728460, PDE1A, POU2AF1, FAT1,PCDH11X///PCDH11Y, F1137786, SLC22A4, DHRS13, EHF, MEG3, PIWIL1,LOC203274, LOC100133920///LOC286297, DMRT1, ADM, VWA3B, GAFA3, HESX1,ADAMDEC1, CAV1, LAMB4, TPTE, PPP1R1C, HPSE, AIM2, RUNDC3B, CARD16,FAM124A, MGC39584, OSM, RFX2, MYBPC1, LTBR, C18orf2, SNRPN, FLJ36031,IL1B, TRPM1, OSTCL, MAPK14, KCNJ15///LOC100131955, FIGN, HNT, S100A12,CHIT1, C7orf53, FAM13A1, GNAO1, MAPK14, FAM55D, PRKD2, LIMK2, C18orf54,IGFBP5, EVI1, PLSCR1, FOXC1, LOC646627, ZNF462, CNTLN, ZNF438,DEFB105A///DEFB105B, LOC340017, C1orf67, ACSL1, ADH1B, SLC2A14///SLC2A3,IL1B, ST3GAL4, UBE2J1, PNPLA3 and PAPPA indicates that the patient hassuffered or is at risk of experiencing TIA.

In some embodiments, a decreased expression level of one or more or allTIA-associated biomarkers selected from the group consisting of ATG9B,DIP2C, EDAR, GSTM1, GUSBL2, SMURF2, ZNF512B indicates that the patienthas suffered or is at risk of experiencing TIA.

In some embodiments, a decreased expression level of one or more or allTIA-associated biomarkers selected from the group consisting ofNBPF10///RP11-9412.2, SFXN1, SPIN3, UNC84A, OLFM2, PPM1K, P2RY10,ZNF512B, MORF4L2, GIGYF2, ERAP2, SLFN13, LOC401431, MED6,BAIAP2L1///LOC100128461, LNPEP, MBNL1, NOS3, MCF2L, KIAA1659, SCAMPS,LOC648921, ANAPC5, SPON1, FUS, GPR22, GAL3ST4, METTL3, LOC100131096,FAAH2, SMURF2, SNRPN, FBLN7, GLS, G3BP1, RCAN3, EPHX2, DIP2C, CCDC141,CLTC, FOSB, CACNA1I, UNQ6228, ATG9B, AK5, SPIN3, RBM14, SNRPN, MAN1C1,HELLS, EDAR, SLC3A1, ZNF519,LOC100130070///LOC100130775///LOC100131787///LOC100131905///LOC100132291///LOC100132488///RPS27,ZC3H12B, IQGAP2, SOX8, WHDC1L2, TNPO1, TNFRSF21, TSHZ2,DMRTC1///DMRTC1B, GSTM1, GSTM2, PNMA6A, CAND1, CCND3, GSTM1, GUSBL2indicates that the patient has suffered or is at risk of experiencingTIA.

In some embodiments, an increased expression level of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,or more or all, TIA-associated biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of F1130375, SCN2A, DKFZP434B061, LTBR, FAMSSD, and IGFBPSand a decreased expression level of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or more or all,TIA-associated biomarkers selected from the group consisting of GUSBL2,GSTM1, EDAR, ATG9B, DIP2C, SMURF2, and ZNF512B indicates that thepatient has suffered or is at risk of experiencing TIA.

In some embodiments, the methods further comprise determining the levelof expression of one or biomarkers selected from the group consisting ofCNTN4, TLR5, GPR84, BCL6, NELL2, APBA2 and MLL. In some embodiments,detection of an increased level of expression of a biomarker selectedfrom CNTN4, TLR5, GPR84 and BCL6 indicates that the patient has sufferedor is at risk of experiencing TIA. In some embodiments, detection of adecreased level of expression of a biomarker selected from NELL2, APBA2and MLL indicates that the patient suffered or is at risk ofexperiencing TIA.

In some embodiments, the methods further comprises the step ofdetermining the cause of stroke. In some embodiments, the patientoverexpresses a plurality of genes listed in Table 7, indicative of achronic inflammatory state. In some embodiments, the level of expressionof one or more or all genes selected from the group consisting of MMP16,MMP19, MMP26, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL10A1, COL11A1, COL25A1,COL27A1, FGFs and EGFR is increased in comparison to the control, andthe patient is determined to have atherosclerosis.

In some embodiments, the patient is exhibiting symptoms of TIA. In someembodiments, the patient is asymptomatic.

In some embodiments, the methods further comprise the step of providingan appropriate treatment or prevention regime for TIA to the patient.

In some embodiments, the level of expression of the biomarker isdetermined at the transcriptional level. For example, RNA levels of thebiomarker can be determined. The RNA can be mRNA, rRNA, tRNA or microRNA(miRNA). In some embodiments, the level of RNA expression is determinedusing a microarray.

In some embodiments, the level of expression is determined by detectinghybridization of an TIA-associated gene probe to gene transcripts of thebiomarkers in the biological sample.

In some embodiments, the hybridization step is performed on a nucleicacid microarray chip. In some embodiments, the hybridization step isperformed in a microfluidics assay plate.

In some embodiments, the level of expression is determined byamplification of gene transcripts of the biomarkers. In someembodiments, the amplification reaction is a polymerase chain reaction(PCR).

In some embodiments, the level of expression of the biomarker isdetermined at the protein level.

In some embodiments, the level of expression of at least 15 biomarkersis determined. In some embodiments, the level of expression of about15-85, 20-70, 30-60 or 40-50 biomarkers are determined. In someembodiments, about 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75,80, 85, 90, 95, 100, or more, biomarkers are determined. The levels ofexpression of the plurality of biomarkers can be concurrently orsequentially determined.

In some embodiments, the control is the expression level of a pluralityof expressed endogenous reference biomarkers. In some embodiments, theone or more or all endogenous reference biomarkers are listed in Table3. In some embodiments, the TIA-associated biomarkers are overexpressedor underexpressed at least about 1.2-fold, 1.3-fold, 1.4-fold, 1.5-fold,1.6-fold, 1.7-fold, 1.8-fold, 1.9-fold, 2.0-fold, 2.1 fold, 2.2-fold,2.3-fold, 2.4-fold, 2.5-fold, 2.6-fold, 2.7-fold, 2.8-fold, 2.9-fold,3.0-fold, 3.1-fold, 3.2-fold, 3.3-fold, 3.4-fold or 3.5-fold, or more,in comparison to the expression levels of a plurality of stablyexpressed endogenous reference biomarkers, e.g., those listed in Table3. In some embodiments, the expression levels of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, or all, the endogenous reference biomarkersselected from the group consisting of USP7, MAPRE2, CSNK1G2, SAFB2,PRKAR2A, PI4 KB, CRTC1, HADHA, MAP1LC3B, KAT5, CDC2L1///CDC2L2, GTSE1,CDC2L1///CDC2L2, TCF25, CHP, LRRC40, hCG_(—)2003956/1/LYPLA2///LYPLA2P1,DAXX, UBE2NL, EIF1, KCMF1, PRKRIP1, CHMP4A, TMEM184C, TINF2, PODNL1,FBXO42, LOC441258, RRP1, C10orf104, ZDHHC5, C9orf23, LRRC45, NACC1,LOC100133445///LOC115110, PEX16 are determined as a control.

In some embodiments, the control is the expression level of the samebiomarker in a healthy individual. In some embodiments, the control isthe expression level of the same biomarker in an individual who has notexperienced a vascular event (e.g., TIA, ischemic stroke, myocardialinfarction, peripheral vascular disease, or venous thromboembolism). Insome embodiments, the control is a threshold level of expression, e.g.,of the same TIA-associated biomarker, optionally normalized to theexpression level of a stably expressed endogenous reference biomarker,representative of a population of healthy individuals.

In a related aspect, the invention provides a solid support comprising aplurality of nucleic acids that hybridize to a plurality of the genesset forth in Tables 1, 2, 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 7, 8 and/or 9, wherein thenucleic acids are attached to the solid support. In some embodiments,the solid support comprises a plurality of nucleic acids that hybridizeto a plurality of the genes set forth in Tables 1 and 2. The solidsupport can further comprise a plurality of nucleic acids that hybridizeto a plurality of the genes set forth in Table 3. The solid support canbe attached to at least about 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60,75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100, or more, genes set forth in Tables 1, 2, 5A,5B, 5C, 5D, 7, 8, 9 and/or 3. The solid support can be a microarray.

In one embodiment, the solid support comprises 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or more or all, nucleic acids that hybridize to aplurality of the genes selected from the group consisting of GUSBL2,GSTM1, F1130375, SCN2A, DKFZP434B061, EDAR, ATG9B, DIP2C, LTBR, SMURF2,FAM55D, IGFBP5, and ZNF512B.

DEFINITIONS

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereingenerally have the same meaning as commonly understood by one ofordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Generally,the nomenclature used herein and the laboratory procedures in cellculture, molecular genetics, organic chemistry and nucleic acidchemistry and hybridization described below are those well known andcommonly employed in the art. Standard techniques are used for nucleicacid and peptide synthesis. Generally, enzymatic reactions andpurification steps are performed according to the manufacturer'sspecifications. The techniques and procedures are generally performedaccording to conventional methods in the art and various generalreferences (see generally, Sambrook et al. MOLECULAR CLONING: ALABORATORY MANUAL, 3rd ed. (2001) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. and Ausubel, et al., CURRENT PROTOCOLS INMOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 1990-2008, Wiley Interscience), which are providedthroughout this document. The nomenclature used herein and thelaboratory procedures in analytical chemistry, and organic syntheticdescribed below are those well known and commonly employed in the art.Standard techniques, or modifications thereof, are used for chemicalsyntheses and chemical analyses.

“Ischemia” or “ischemic event” as used herein refers to diseases anddisorders characterized by inadequate blood supply (i.e., circulation)to a local area due to blockage of the blood vessels to the area.Ischemia includes for example, strokes and transient ischemic attacks.Strokes include, e.g., ischemic stroke (including, but not limited to,cardioembolic strokes, atheroembolic or atherothrombotic strokes, i.e.,strokes caused by atherosclerosis in the carotid, aorta, heart, andbrain, small vessel strokes (i.e., lacunar strokes), strokes caused bydiseases of the vessel wall, i.e., vasculitis, strokes caused byinfection, strokes caused by hematological disorders, strokes caused bymigraines, and strokes caused by medications such as hormone therapy),hemorrhagic ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoidhemorrhage.

The term “transient ischemic attack,” “TIA,” or “mini-stroke”interchangeably refer to a change in the blood supply to a particulararea of the brain, resulting in brief neurologic dysfunction thatpersists, by definition, for less than 24 hours. By definition, a TIAresolves within 24 hours, but most TIA symptoms resolve within a fewminutes. If symptoms persist longer, then it is categorized as a stroke.Symptoms include temporary loss of vision (typically amaurosis fugax);difficulty speaking (aphasia); weakness on one side of the body(hemiparesis); numbness or tingling (paresthesia), usually on one sideof the body, and dizziness, lack of coordination or poor balance. Thesymptoms of a TIA usually last a few seconds to a few minutes and mostsymptoms disappear within 60 minutes.

“TIA reference expression profile” refers to the pattern of expressionof a set of genes (e.g., a plurality of the genes set forth in Tables 1,2, 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 7, 8 and/or 9 differentially expressed (i.e.,overexpressed or underexpressed) in an individual who has suffered or isat risk of experiencing TIA relative to the expression in a control(e.g., the expression level in an individual free of an ischemic eventor the expression level of a stably expressed endogenous referencebiomarker). A gene from Tables 1, 5B, 5C, 5D, 7, 8 and/or 9 that isexpressed at a level that is at least about 1.5-, 1.6-, 1.7-, 1.8-,1.9-, 2.0-, 2.1-, 2.2-, 2.3-, 2.4-, 2.5-, 2.6-, 2.7-, 2.8-, 2.9-, 3.0-,3.1-, 3.2-, 3.3-, 3.4- or 3.5-fold higher than the level in a control isa gene overexpressed in TIA and a gene from Tables 2, 5A, 5C, 5D, 7, 8and/or 9 that is expressed at a level that is at least about 1.5-, 1.6-,1.7-, 1.8-, 1.9-, 2.0-, 2.1-, 2.2-, 2.3-, 2.4-, 2.5-, 2.6-, 2.7-, 2.8-,2.9-, 3.0-, 3.1-, 3.2-, 3.3-, 3.4- or 3.5-fold lower than the level in acontrol is a gene underexpressed in TIA. Alternately, genes that areexpressed at a level that is at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%,60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100% higher than the level in a control is a geneoverexpressed in TIA and a gene that is expressed at a level that is atleast about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100% lowerthan the level in a control is a gene underexpressed in TIA.

A “plurality” refers to two or more, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 or more (e.g.,genes). In some embodiments, a plurality refers to concurrentdetermination of expression levels about 15-85, 20-60 or 40-50 genes,for example, about 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75,80, 85, 90, 95, 100, or more, genes. In some embodiments, “plurality”refers to all genes listed in one or more or all tables, e.g., all geneslisted in Tables 1, 2, 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 7, 8 and/or 9.

The terms “patient,” “subject” or “individual” interchangeably refers toa mammal, for example, a human or a non-human mammal, including primates(e.g., macaque, pan troglodyte, pongo), a domesticated mammal (e.g.,felines, canines), an agricultural mammal (e.g., bovine, ovine, porcine,equine) and a laboratory mammal or rodent (e.g., rattus, murine,lagomorpha, hamster, guinea pig).

“Sample” or “biological sample” includes sections of tissues such asbiopsy and autopsy samples, and frozen sections taken for histologicpurposes. Such samples include blood, sputum, tissue, lysed cells, brainbiopsy, cultured cells, e.g., primary cultures, explants, andtransformed cells, stool, urine, etc. A biological sample is typicallyobtained from a eukaryotic organism, most preferably a mammal such as aprimate, e.g., chimpanzee or human; cow; dog; cat; a rodent, e.g.,guinea pig, rat, mouse; rabbit; or a bird; reptile; or fish.

“Array” as used herein refers to a solid support comprising attachednucleic acid or peptide probes. Arrays typically comprise a plurality ofdifferent nucleic acid or peptide probes that are coupled to a surfaceof a substrate in different, known locations. These arrays, alsodescribed as “microarrays” or colloquially “chips” have been generallydescribed in the art, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,143,854, 5,445,934,5,744,305, 5,677,195, 6,040,193, 5,424,186 and Fodor et al., Science,251:767-777 (1991). These arrays may generally be produced usingmechanical synthesis methods or light directed synthesis methods whichincorporate a combination of photolithographic methods and solid phasesynthesis methods. Techniques for the synthesis of these arrays usingmechanical synthesis methods are described in, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.5,384,261. Arrays may comprise a planar surface or may be nucleic acidsor peptides on beads, gels, polymeric surfaces, fibers such as fiberoptics, glass or any other appropriate substrate as described in, e.g.,U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,770,358, 5,789,162, 5,708,153, 6,040,193 and 5,800,992.Arrays may be packaged in such a manner as to allow for diagnostics orother manipulation of an all inclusive device, as described in, e.g.,U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,856,174 and 5,922,591.

The term “gene” means the segment of DNA involved in producing apolypeptide chain; it includes regions preceding and following thecoding region (leader and trailer) as well as intervening sequences(introns) between individual coding segments (exons).

The terms “nucleic acid” and “polynucleotide” are used interchangeablyherein to refer to deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleotides and polymersthereof in either single- or double-stranded form. The term encompassesnucleic acids containing known nucleotide analogs or modified backboneresidues or linkages, which are synthetic, naturally occurring, andnon-naturally occurring, which have similar binding properties as thereference nucleic acid, and which are metabolized in a manner similar tothe reference nucleotides. Examples of such analogs include, withoutlimitation, phosphorothioates, phosphoramidates, methyl phosphonates,chiral-methyl phosphonates, 2-O-methyl ribonucleotides, peptide-nucleicacids (PNAs).

Unless otherwise indicated, a particular nucleic acid sequence alsoencompasses conservatively modified variants thereof (e.g., degeneratecodon substitutions) and complementary sequences, as well as thesequence explicitly indicated. Specifically, degenerate codonsubstitutions may be achieved by generating sequences in which the thirdposition of one or more selected (or all) codons is substituted withmixed-base and/or deoxyinosine residues (Batzer et al., Nucleic AcidRes. 19:5081 (1991); Ohtsuka et al., J. Biol. Chem. 260:2605-2608(1985); Rossolini et al., Mol. Cell. Probes 8:91-98 (1994)). The termnucleic acid is used interchangeably with gene, cDNA, mRNA,oligonucleotide, and polynucleotide.

The phrase “stringent hybridization conditions” refers to conditionsunder which a probe will hybridize to its target subsequence, typicallyin a complex mixture of nucleic acid, but to no other sequences.Stringent hybridization conditions are sequence-dependent and will bedifferent in different circumstances. Longer sequences hybridizespecifically at higher temperatures. An extensive guide to thehybridization of nucleic acids is found in Tijssen, Techniques inBiochemistry and Molecular Biology—Hybridization with Nucleic Probes,“Overview of principles of hybridization and the strategy of nucleicacid assays” (1993). Generally, stringent hybridization conditions areselected to be about 5-10° C. lower than the thermal melting point forthe specific sequence at a defined ionic strength Ph. The T_(m) is thetemperature (under defined ionic strength, Ph, and nucleicconcentration) at which 50% of the probes complementary to the targethybridize to the target sequence at equilibrium (as the target sequencesare present in excess, at T_(m), 50% of the probes are occupied atequilibrium). Stringent hybridization conditions will be those in whichthe salt concentration is less than about 1.0 M sodium ion, typicallyabout 0.01 to 1.0 M sodium ion concentration (or other salts) at Ph 7.0to 8.3 and the temperature is at least about 30° C. for short probes(e.g., 10 to 50 nucleotides) and at least about 60° C. for long probes(e.g., greater than 50 nucleotides). Stringent hybridization conditionsmay also be achieved with the addition of destabilizing agents such asformamide. For selective or specific hybridization, a positive signal isat least two times background, optionally 10 times backgroundhybridization. Exemplary stringent hybridization conditions can be asfollowing: 50% formamide, 5×SSC, and 1% SDS, incubating at 42° C., or,5×SSC, 1% SDS, incubating at 65° C., with wash in 0.2×SSC, and 0.1% SDSat 65° C.

Nucleic acids that do not hybridize to each other under stringenthybridization conditions are still substantially identical if thepolypeptides which they encode are substantially identical. This occurs,for example, when a copy of a nucleic acid is created using the maximumcodon degeneracy permitted by the genetic code. In such cases, thenucleic acids typically hybridize under moderately stringenthybridization conditions. Exemplary “moderately stringent hybridizationconditions” include a hybridization in a buffer of 40% formamide, 1 MNaCl, 1% SDS at 37° C., and a wash in 1×SSC at 45° C. A positivehybridization is at least twice background. Those of ordinary skill willreadily recognize that alternative hybridization and wash conditions canbe utilized to provide conditions of similar stringency.

The terms “isolated,” “purified,” or “biologically pure” refer tomaterial that is substantially or essentially free from components thatnormally accompany it as found in its native state. Purity andhomogeneity are typically determined using analytical chemistrytechniques such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or highperformance liquid chromatography. A protein that is the predominantspecies present in a preparation is substantially purified. The term“purified” denotes that a nucleic acid or protein gives rise toessentially one band in an electrophoretic gel. Particularly, it meansthat the nucleic acid or protein is at least 85% pure, more preferablyat least 95% pure, and most preferably at least 99% pure.

The term “heterologous” when used with reference to portions of anucleic acid indicates that the nucleic acid comprises two or moresubsequences that are not found in the same relationship to each otherin nature. For instance, the nucleic acid is typically recombinantlyproduced, having two or more sequences from unrelated genes arranged tomake a new functional nucleic acid, e.g., a promoter from one source anda coding region from another source. Similarly, a heterologous proteinindicates that the protein comprises two or more subsequences that arenot found in the same relationship to each other in nature (e.g., afusion protein).

An “expression vector” is a nucleic acid construct, generatedrecombinantly or synthetically, with a series of specified nucleic acidelements that permit transcription of a particular nucleic acid in ahost cell. The expression vector can be part of a plasmid, virus, ornucleic acid fragment. Typically, the expression vector includes anucleic acid to be transcribed operably linked to a promoter.

The terms “polypeptide,” “peptide” and “protein” are usedinterchangeably herein to refer to a polymer of amino acid residues. Theterms apply to amino acid polymers in which one or more amino acidresidue is an artificial chemical mimetic of a corresponding naturallyoccurring amino acid, as well as to naturally occurring amino acidpolymers and non-naturally occurring amino acid polymer.

The term “amino acid” refers to naturally occurring and synthetic aminoacids, as well as amino acid analogs and amino acid mimetics thatfunction in a manner similar to the naturally occurring amino acids.Naturally occurring amino acids are those encoded by the genetic code,as well as those amino acids that are later modified, e.g.,hydroxyproline, α-carboxyglutamate, and O-phosphoserine. “Amino acidanalogs” refers to compounds that have the same basic chemical structureas a naturally occurring amino acid, i.e., an a carbon that is bound toa hydrogen, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and an R group, e.g.,homoserine, norleucine, methionine sulfoxide, methionine methylsulfonium. Such analogs have modified R groups (e.g., norleucine) ormodified peptide backbones, but retain the same basic chemical structureas a naturally occurring amino acid. “Amino acid mimetics” refers tochemical compounds that have a structure that is different from thegeneral chemical structure of an amino acid, but that functions in amanner similar to a naturally occurring amino acid.

Amino acids may be referred to herein by either their commonly knownthree letter symbols or by the one-letter symbols recommended by theIUPAC-IUB Biochemical Nomenclature Commission. Nucleotides, likewise,may be referred to by their commonly accepted single-letter codes.

“Conservatively modified variants” applies to both amino acid andnucleic acid sequences. With respect to particular nucleic acidsequences, conservatively modified variants refers to those nucleicacids which encode identical or essentially identical amino acidsequences, or where the nucleic acid does not encode an amino acidsequence, to essentially identical sequences. Because of the degeneracyof the genetic code, a large number of functionally identical nucleicacids encode any given protein. For instance, the codons GCA, GCC, GCGand GCU all encode the amino acid alanine Thus, at every position wherean alanine is specified by a codon, the codon can be altered to any ofthe corresponding codons described without altering the encodedpolypeptide. Such nucleic acid variations are “silent variations,” whichare one species of conservatively modified variations. Every nucleicacid sequence herein which encodes a polypeptide also describes everypossible silent variation of the nucleic acid. One of skill willrecognize that each codon in a nucleic acid (except AUG, which isordinarily the only codon for methionine, and TGG, which is ordinarilythe only codon for tryptophan) can be modified to yield a functionallyidentical molecule. Accordingly, each silent variation of a nucleic acidwhich encodes a polypeptide is implicit in each described sequence.

As to amino acid sequences, one of skill will recognize that individualsubstitutions, deletions or additions to a nucleic acid, peptide,polypeptide, or protein sequence which alters, adds or deletes a singleamino acid or a small percentage of amino acids in the encoded sequenceis a “conservatively modified variant” where the alteration results inthe substitution of an amino acid with a chemically similar amino acid.Conservative substitution tables providing functionally similar aminoacids are well known in the art. Such conservatively modified variantsare in addition to and do not exclude polymorphic variants, interspecieshomologs, and alleles of the invention.

The following eight groups each contain amino acids that areconservative substitutions for one another:

-   -   1) Alanine (A), Glycine (G);    -   2) Aspartic acid (D), Glutamic acid (E);    -   3) Asparagine (N), Glutamine (Q);    -   4) Arginine I, Lysine (K);    -   5) Isoleucine (I), Leucine (L), Methionine (M), Valine (V);    -   6) Phenylalanine (F), Tyrosine (Y), Tryptophan (W);    -   7) Serine (S), Threonine (T); and    -   8) Cysteine (C), Methionine (M)    -   (see, e.g., Creighton, Proteins (1984)).    -   The terms “identical” or percent “identity,” in the context of        two or more nucleic acids or polypeptide sequences, refer to two        or more sequences or subsequences that are the same or have a        specified percentage of amino acid residues or nucleotides that        are the same (i.e., 60% identity, preferably 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%,        85%, 90%, or 95% identity over a specified region of a        TIA-associated gene (e.g., a gene set forth in Tables 1, 2, 5A,        5B, 5C, 5D, 7, 8 and/or 9), when compared and aligned for        maximum correspondence over a comparison window, or designated        region as measured using one of the following sequence        comparison algorithms or by manual alignment and visual        inspection. Such sequences are then said to be “substantially        identical.” This definition also refers to the compliment of a        test sequence. Preferably, the identity exists over a region        that is at least about 25 amino acids or nucleotides in length,        or more preferably over a region that is 50-100 amino acids or        nucleotides in length.

For sequence comparison, typically one sequence acts as a referencesequence, to which test sequences are compared. When using a sequencecomparison algorithm, test and reference sequences are entered into acomputer, subsequence coordinates are designated, if necessary, andsequence algorithm program parameters are designated. Default programparameters can be used, or alternative parameters can be designated. Thesequence comparison algorithm then calculates the percent sequenceidentities for the test sequences relative to the reference sequence,based on the program parameters. For sequence comparison of nucleicacids and proteins to TIA-associated nucleic acids and proteins, theBLAST and BLAST 2.0 algorithms and the default parameters discussedbelow are used.

A “comparison window”, as used herein, includes reference to a segmentof any one of the number of contiguous positions selected from the groupconsisting of from 20 to 600, usually about 50 to about 200, moreusually about 100 to about 150 in which a sequence may be compared to areference sequence of the same number of contiguous positions after thetwo sequences are optimally aligned. Methods of alignment of sequencesfor comparison are well-known in the art. Optimal alignment of sequencesfor comparison can be conducted, e.g., by the local homology algorithmof Smith & Waterman, Adv. Appl. Math. 2:482 (1981), by the homologyalignment algorithm of Needleman & Wunsch, J. Mol. Biol. 48:443 (1970),by the search for similarity method of Pearson & Lipman, Proc. Nat'l.Acad. Sci. USA 85:2444 (1988), by computerized implementations of thesealgorithms (GAP, BESTFIT, FASTA, and TFASTA in the Wisconsin GeneticsSoftware Package, Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Dr., Madison,Wis.), or by manual alignment and visual inspection (see, e.g., CurrentProtocols in Molecular Biology (Ausubel et al., eds. 1995 supplement)).

A preferred example of algorithm that is suitable for determiningpercent sequence identity and sequence similarity are the BLAST andBLAST 2.0 algorithms, which are described in Altschul et al., Nuc. AcidsRes. 25:3389-3402 (1977) and Altschul et al., J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410(1990), respectively. BLAST and BLAST 2.0 are used, with the parametersdescribed herein, to determine percent sequence identity for the nucleicacids and proteins of the invention. Software for performing BLASTanalyses is publicly available through the National Center forBiotechnology Information (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). This algorithminvolves first identifying high scoring sequence pairs (HSPs) byidentifying short words of length W in the query sequence, which eithermatch or satisfy some positive-valued threshold score T when alignedwith a word of the same length in a database sequence. T is referred toas the neighborhood word score threshold (Altschul et al., supra). Theseinitial neighborhood word hits act as seeds for initiating searches tofind longer HSPs containing them. The word hits are extended in bothdirections along each sequence for as far as the cumulative alignmentscore can be increased. Cumulative scores are calculated using, fornucleotide sequences, the parameters M (reward score for a pair ofmatching residues; always >0) and N (penalty score for mismatchingresidues; always <0). For amino acid sequences, a scoring matrix is usedto calculate the cumulative score. Extension of the word hits in eachdirection are halted when: the cumulative alignment score falls off bythe quantity X from its maximum achieved value; the cumulative scoregoes to zero or below, due to the accumulation of one or morenegative-scoring residue alignments; or the end of either sequence isreached. The BLAST algorithm parameters W, T, and X determine thesensitivity and speed of the alignment. The BLASTN program (fornucleotide sequences) uses as defaults a word length (W) of 11, anexpectation (E) of 10, M=5, N=−4 and a comparison of both strands. Foramino acid sequences, the BLASTP program uses as defaults a word lengthof 3, and expectation (E) of 10, and the BLOSUM62 scoring matrix (seeHenikoff & Henikoff, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:10915 (1989))alignments (B) of 50, expectation (E) of 10, M=5, N=−4, and a comparisonof both strands.

The BLAST algorithm also performs a statistical analysis of thesimilarity between two sequences (see, e.g., Karlin & Altschul, Proc.Nat'l. Acad. Sci. USA 90:5873-5787 (1993)). One measure of similarityprovided by the BLAST algorithm is the smallest sum probability (P(N)),which provides an indication of the probability by which a match betweentwo nucleotide or amino acid sequences would occur by chance. Forexample, a nucleic acid is considered similar to a reference sequence ifthe smallest sum probability in a comparison of the test nucleic acid tothe reference nucleic acid is less than about 0.2, more preferably lessthan about 0.01, and most preferably less than about 0.001.

An indication that two nucleic acid sequences or polypeptides aresubstantially identical is that the polypeptide encoded by the firstnucleic acid is immunologically cross reactive with the antibodiesraised against the polypeptide encoded by the second nucleic acid, asdescribed below. Thus, a polypeptide is typically substantiallyidentical to a second polypeptide, for example, where the two peptidesdiffer only by conservative substitutions. Another indication that twonucleic acid sequences are substantially identical is that the twomolecules or their complements hybridize to each other under stringentconditions, as described below. Yet another indication that two nucleicacid sequences are substantially identical is that the same primers canbe used to amplify the sequence.

The phrase “selectively (or specifically) hybridizes to” refers to thebinding, duplexing, or hybridizing of a molecule only to a particularnucleotide sequence under stringent hybridization conditions when thatsequence is present in a complex mixture (e.g., total cellular orlibrary DNA or RNA).

By “host cell” is meant a cell that contains an expression vector andsupports the replication or expression of the expression vector. Hostcells may be, for example, prokaryotic cells such as E. coli oreukaryotic cells such as yeast cells or mammalian cells such as CHOcells.

“Inhibitors,” “activators,” and “modulators” of expression or ofactivity are used to refer to inhibitory, activating, or modulatingmolecules, respectively, identified using in vitro and in vivo assaysfor expression or activity, e.g., ligands, agonists, antagonists, andtheir homologs and mimetics. The term “modulator” includes inhibitorsand activators Inhibitors are agents that, e.g., inhibit expression of apolypeptide or polynucleotide of the invention or bind to, partially ortotally block stimulation or enzymatic activity, decrease, prevent,delay activation, inactivate, desensitize, or down regulate the activityof a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the invention, e.g., antagonists.Activators are agents that, e.g., induce or activate the expression of apolypeptide or polynucleotide of the invention or bind to, stimulate,increase, open, activate, facilitate, enhance activation or enzymaticactivity, sensitize or up regulate the activity of a polypeptide orpolynucleotide of the invention, e.g., agonists. Modulators includenaturally occurring and synthetic ligands, antagonists, agonists, smallchemical molecules and the like. Assays to identify inhibitors andactivators include, e.g., applying putative modulator compounds tocells, in the presence or absence of a polypeptide or polynucleotide ofthe invention and then determining the functional effects on apolypeptide or polynucleotide of the invention activity. Samples orassays comprising a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the invention thatare treated with a potential activator, inhibitor, or modulator arecompared to control samples without the inhibitor, activator, ormodulator to examine the extent of effect. Control samples (untreatedwith modulators) are assigned a relative activity value of 100%Inhibition is achieved when the activity value of a polypeptide orpolynucleotide of the invention relative to the control is about 80%,optionally 50% or 25-1%. Activation is achieved when the activity valueof a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the invention relative to thecontrol is 110%, optionally 150%, optionally 200-500%, or 1000-3000%higher.

The term “test compound” or “drug candidate” or “modulator” orgrammatical equivalents as used herein describes any molecule, eithernaturally occurring or synthetic, e.g., protein, oligopeptide (e.g.,from about 5 to about 25 amino acids in length, preferably from about 10to 20 or 12 to 18 amino acids in length, preferably 12, 15, or 18 aminoacids in length), small organic molecule, polysaccharide, lipid, fattyacid, polynucleotide, RNAi, oligonucleotide, etc. The test compound canbe in the form of a library of test compounds, such as a combinatorialor randomized library that provides a sufficient range of diversity.Test compounds are optionally linked to a fusion partner, e.g.,targeting compounds, rescue compounds, dimerization compounds,stabilizing compounds, addressable compounds, and other functionalmoieties. Conventionally, new chemical entities with useful propertiesare generated by identifying a test compound (called a “lead compound”)with some desirable property or activity, e g, inhibiting activity,creating variants of the lead compound, and evaluating the property andactivity of those variant compounds. Often, high throughput screening(HTS) methods are employed for such an analysis.

A “small organic molecule” refers to an organic molecule, eithernaturally occurring or synthetic, that has a molecular weight of morethan about 50 Daltons and less than about 2500 Daltons, preferably lessthan about 2000 Daltons, preferably between about 100 to about 1000Daltons, more preferably between about 200 to about 500 Daltons.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A-B. Heat map of 460 genes/probes differentially expressed inblood between Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) patients and controls(FDR≦0.05, absolute fold change >1.5). Each column on the X axisrepresents 1 patient, with 24 TIA patients (blue) and 27 controls(pink). Each row on the Y axis represents individual genes. TIAs clusterseparately from controls as indicated by the green arrow (top). WithinTIA subjects, at least two clusters are apparent as indicated by the redarrow. These two TIA clusters are labeled TIA1 and TIA2. Two TIApatients (ID: 57 and 90) clustered with controls. Three controls (ID:42, 68, and 74) clustered with TIAs. Red=up regulation. Green=downregulation. ID=subjects ID. Diagnosis=blue (TIA) and pink (Controls).

FIG. 2. Cross-validation results for the 34 out of 460 TIA regulatedgenes that distinguish TIA patients from control subjects. Theprobability of predicted diagnosis is shown on the Y axis, and subjectsare shown on the X axis. TIA patients are shown on the right, andControl subjects on the left. The predicted probability of TIA is shownin red, and the predicted probability of being control is shown in blue.TIA patients were distinguished from controls with 87.5% sensitivity and96.3% specificity using a 10-fold cross-validation.

FIG. 3. Cross-validation results for the 26 up-regulated genesidentified by PAM to distinguish the TIA1 from TIA2 groups. Theprobability of the predicted diagnosis is shown on the Y axis, andsubjects are shown on the X axis. TIA1 subjects are shown on the left,and TIA2 subjects on the right. The predicted probability of TIA2 isshown in red, and the predicted probability of TIA1 is shown in blue.TIA1 could be distinguished from TIA2 patients with 100% sensitivity and100% specificity.

FIGS. 4A-B. MMP16 (A) and MMP26 (B) transcript expression in TIApatients (blue) and control subjects (pink). A. MMP16. There was nodifference in MMP16 expression for all control subjects compared to allTIA patients (A1). There was a significant increase in expression ofMMP16 in the TIA1 patients compared to both control (p=1.35×10⁻⁷) andTIA2 groups (p=2.19×10⁻⁷) and no difference in MMP16 expression betweencontrol subjects and TIA2 patients (A2). B. MMP26. There was nodifference in MMP26 expression for all control subjects compared to allTIA patients (B1). There was a significant increase in expression ofMMP26 in the TIA1 group compared to both control (p=6.67×10⁻⁴) and TIA2groups (p=8.55×10⁻⁴) and no difference in MMP26 expression betweencontrol subjects and TIA2 patients (B2). The X axis shows categories ofsubjects. The Y axis shows the log 2-intensity/RNA expression.Pink=controls. Dark blue=All TIA or TIA1. Light blue=TIA2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION 1. Introduction

Although transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are common, the underlyingbiology remains poorly understood. The present invention is based, inpart, on the discovery that TIAs differentially regulate gene expressionin blood. The differentially regulated genes indicative of theoccurrence or risk of occurrence of TIAs find use in the diagnosis,treatment and prevention of TIAs in patients. Patients with recent TIAscan be differentiated from controls without previous vascular eventsusing gene expression profiles in blood. In addition, human patientsappear to develop different immune response subtypes following transientischemic attacks.

2. Individuals Who Can Benefit from the Present Methods

Individuals who will benefit from the present methods may be exhibitingsymptoms of TIA or stroke. Alternatively, the subject may be suspectedof having experienced TIA. In some embodiments, the subject has notexperienced and/or is not at risk of having an intracerebral hemorrhage.In some embodiments, the subject has not experienced and/or is not atrisk of having an intracerebral hemorrhage or hemorrhagic stroke. Insome embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed as having notexperienced and/or not at risk of having an intracerebral hemorrhage orhemorrhagic stroke.

In some embodiments, the levels of expression of the panel of biomarkersis determined within 3 hours of a suspected ischemic event. In someembodiments, the levels of expression of the panel of biomarkers aredetermined at 3 or more hours after a suspected ischemic event. In someembodiments, the levels of expression of the panel of biomarkers aredetermined within 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 hours of a suspected ischemicevent.

In some cases, the subject is asymptomatic, but may have a risk orpredisposition to experiencing TIA, e.g., based on genetics, a relateddisease condition, environment or lifestyle. For example, in someembodiments, the patient suffers from a chronic inflammatory condition,e.g., has an autoimmune disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn'sdisease inflammatory bowel disease), atherosclerosis, hypertension, ordiabetes. In some embodiments, the patient has high LDL-cholesterollevels or suffers from a cardiovascular disease (e.g., atherosclerosis,coronary artery disease). In some embodiments, the patient has anendocrine system disorder, a neurodegenerative disorder, a connectivetissue disorder, or a skeletal and muscular disorder. Exemplarydisorders associated with, related to, or causative of TIA are providedin Table 7.

In some embodiments, the patient may have a neurological disorder andhave increased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADH1B, AK5, ANXA3, APBA2, ASTN2 (includesEG:23245), BCL6, BMPR1B, CASP5, CAV1, CNTN4, DIP2C, ELAVL2, EPHX2,ERAP2, FAM124A, FAM13A, FAM149A, FAT1, FOLH1, FOXC1, GABRB2, GIGYF2,GNAO1, GRM5, GSTM1, HESX1, HOXC6, IGFBP5, IL1B, IQGAP2, ITGBL1, LAMB4,LIFR, LTBR, MECOM, NBPF10, NDST3, NELL2, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2, OLFM2, OPCML,PDE1A, RFX2, ROBO1, S100A12, SCN2A, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), SLC2A3,SLC3A1, SOX9, SPOCK3, SPON1, TGFB2, TLR5, TNFRSF21, TRPM1, TSHZ2, TTC6(includes EG:115669), UNC5B, UNC84A and ZNF608.

In some embodiments, the patient may have a skeletal or musculardisorder and have increased or decreased expression relative to acontrol level of expression of a plurality of biomarkers selected fromthe group consisting of ACSL1, ADM, AK5, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245),BCL6, BMPR1B, CARD8, CASP5, CCND3, CLTC, CNTN4, COL1A1, COL1A2, DIP2C,DNAH14, EDAR, ELAVL2, EPHA3, EPHX2, FAM124A, FOSB, GABRB2, GIGYF2,GNAO1, HOXC6, IL1B, KCNJ15, LAMB4, LIFR, LTBR, LUM, MAPK14, MYBPC1,NOS3, ODZ2, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBO1, RUNDC3B, S100A12, SCN2A, SHOX,SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), SOX9, SPOCK3, TLR5, TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TSHZ2,TTC6 (includes EG:115669), TWIST1, UNC5B, VWA3B and ZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have an inflammatory disorder andhave increased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADM, AK5, ANXA3, APBA2, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245),BCL6, CARD8, CASP5, CAV1, CCND3, CCRL1, CLTC, CNTN4, DIP2C, DNAH14,EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2, ERAP2, FAM124A, FBLN7, FOSB, FREM2, GABRB2, GRM5,IL1B, KCNJ15, LAMB4, LHX2, LNPEP, LRP2, LTBR, LUM, MAPK14, MECOM,MYBPC1, NOS3, ODZ2, OPCML, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, PPP1R1C, ROBO1, RUNDC3B,S100A12, SCN2A, SFXN1, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), SLC26A8, SMURF2,SNRPN, SPON1, TGFB2, TLR5, TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TTC6 (includes EG:115669),TWIST1, UNC5B, VWA3B and ZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have a cardiovascular disorder andhave increased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADM, AK5, ALPL, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BCL6,BMPR1B, C18ORF54, CACNA1I, CARD16, CAV1, CNTN4, DMRT1, DNAH14, EDAR,EPHX2, ERAP2, FAM13A, FOLH1, FOSB, FREM2, GABRB2, GRM5, GSTM1, IL1B,IQGAP2, LIFR, LTBR, MAN1C1, MAPK14, MBNL1, MCF2L, MECOM, MYBPC1, NOS3,NTM, ODZ2, OLFM2, OPCML, PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBO1, RORB, S100A12, SMURF2,SNRPN, SOX9, SPOCK3, SPON1, TFP1, TRPM1, UNC84A and VWA3B.

In some embodiments, the patient may have an immunological disorder andhave increased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADM, AK5, ANXA3, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BCL6,CARD8, CASP5, CCND3, CCRL1, CLTC, CNTN4, COL1A2, DIP2C, DNAH14, EDAR,EPHA3, EPHX2, FAM124A, FAT1, FOSB, GABRB2, GOLGA6L2, GSTM1, GUSBL2,IL1B, IQGAP2, KCNJ15, LAMB4, LTBR, MAPK14, MYBPC1, NELL2, NOS3, NTM,ODZ2, OPCML, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBO1, RUNDC3B, S100A12, SLC22A4(includes EG:6583), SNRPN, SPON1, TLR5, TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TSHZ2, TTC6(includes EG:115669), VWA3B and ZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have a metabolic disorder and haveincreased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADAM30, AK5, ALPL, ALS2CR11, ASTN2 (includesEG:23245), BCL6, CARD8, CASP5, CCRL1, CNTLN, CNTN4, COL1A2, DIP2C,DMRT1, DNAH14, EPHA3, EPHX2, FAT1, FOXA2, GABRB2, GUSBL2, IGFBP5, IL1B,IQGAP2, ITGBL1, LRP2, LTBR, MAPK14, MBNL1, NELL2, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2,OPCML, PAPPA, PLSCR1, ROBO1, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), SLC2A3, SLC3A1,SMURF2, SNRPN, SPON1, SRGAP1, TLR5, TSHZ2, UNC84A and VWA3B.

In some embodiments, the patient may have an endocrine system disorderand have increased or decreased expression relative to a control levelof expression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADAM30, AK5, ALPL, ALS2CR11, ASTN2 (includesEG:23245), BCL6, CARD8, CASP5, CCRL1, CNTLN, CNTN4, COL1A2, DIP2C,DMRT1, DNAH14, EPHA3, FAT1, FOXA2, GABRB2, GUSBL2, IL1B, IQGAP2, ITGBL1,LRP2, LTBR, MAPK14, MBNL1, NELL2, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2, OPCML, PAPPA, PLSCR1,ROBO1, SHOX, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), SLC2A3, SMURF2, SNRPN, SPON1,SRGAP1, TLR5, TSHZ2, UNC84A and VWA3B.

In some embodiments, the patient may have an autoimmune disease and haveincreased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADM, AK5, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BCL6, CARD8,CASP5, CCND3, CLTC, CNTN4, COL1A2, DIP2C, DNAH14, EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2,FAM124A, FOSB, GABRB2, GUSBL2, IL1B, IQGAP2, KCNJ15, LAMB4, LTBR,MAPK14, MYBPC1, NELL2, ODZ2, OPCML, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBO1, RUNDC3B,S100A12, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), SNRPN, SPON1, TLR5, TNFRSF21,TNPO1, TSHZ2, TTC6 (includes EG:115669), VWA3B and ZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have diabetes and have increased ordecreased expression relative to a control level of expression of aplurality of biomarkers selected from the group consisting of ACSL1,ADAM30, AK5, ALPL, ALS2CR11, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BCL6, CARD8,CASP5, CCRL1, CNTLN, CNTN4, COL1A2, DIP2C, DMRT1, DNAH14, EPHA3, FAT1,FOXA2, GABRB2, GUSBL2, IL1B, IQGAP2, ITGBL1, LTBR, MAPK14, MBNL1, NELL2,NOS3, NTM, ODZ2, OPCML, PAPPA, PLSCR1, ROBO1, SLC22A4 (includesEG:6583), SLC2A3, SMURF2, SNRPN, SPON1, SRGAP1, TLR5, TSHZ2, UNC84A andVWA3B.

In some embodiments, the patient may have a connective tissue disorderand have increased or decreased expression relative to a control levelof expression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADM, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BCL6, CARD8, CASP5,CCND3, CLTC, CNTN4, COL1A1, COL1A2, DIP2C, DNAH14, EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2,FAM124A, FOSB, GABRB2, IL1B, KCNJ15, LAMB4, LTBR, LUM, MAPK14, ODZ2,OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBO1, RUNDC3B, S100A12, SHOX, SLC22A4 (includesEG:6583), TLR5, TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TTC6 (includes EG:115669), VWA3B andZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have rheumatic disease and haveincreased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADM, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BCL6, CARD8, CASP5,CCND3, CLTC, CNTN4, DIP2C, DNAH14, EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2, FAM124A, FOSB,GABRB2, IL1B, KCNJ15, LAMB4, LTBR, LUM, MAPK14, ODZ2, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A,ROBO1, RUNDC3B, S100A12, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), TLR5, TNFRSF21,TNPO1, TTC6 (includes EG:115669), VWA3B and ZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have arthritis and have increasedor decreased expression relative to a control level of expression of aplurality of biomarkers selected from the group consisting of ACSL1,ADM, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BCL6, CARD8, CASP5, CCND3, CLTC, CNTN4,DIP2C, DNAH14, EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2, FAM124A, FOSB, GABRB2, IL1B, KCNJ15,LAMB4, LTBR, LUM, MAPK14, ODZ2, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBOT, RUNDC3B,S100A12, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TTC6 (includesEG:115669), VWA3B, ZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have atherosclerosis and haveincreased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, AK5, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BMPR1B, CARD16,CNTN4, DMRT1, DNAH14, ERAP2, FOSB, FREM2, GRM5, IL1B, IQGAP2, LIFR,MAN1C1, MBNL1, MCF2L, MECOM, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2, OLFM2, PDE1A, ROBO1, RORB,SNRPN, SPOCK3, SPON1, TRPM1, UNC84A and VWA3B.

In some embodiments, the patient may have inflammatory bowel disease andhave increased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, AK5, APBA2, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), CARD8,DIP2C, DNAH14, ERAP2, FBLN7, FREM2, GRM5, IL1B, LHX2, LNPEP, LTBR,MECOM, NOS3, ODZ2, OPCML, PAPPA, PDE1A, PPP1R1C, ROBO1, SFXN1, SLC22A4(includes EG:6583), SLC26A8, SNRPN, SPON1, TGFB2, TLR5, VWA3B andZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have non-insulin-dependent diabetesmellitus and have increased or decreased expression relative to acontrol level of expression of a plurality of biomarkers selected fromthe group consisting of ADAM30, AK5, ALPL, ALS2CR11, ASTN2 (includesEG:23245), CARD8, CCRL1, CNTLN, CNTN4, COL1A2, DIP2C, DMRT1, EPHA3,FAT1, FOXA2, GABRB2, IL1B, IQGAP2, ITGBL1, MBNL1, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2,PLSCR1, ROBO1, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), SLC2A3, SPON1, SRGAP1, TLR5,UNC84A and VWA3B.

In some embodiments, the patient may have rheumatoid arthritis and haveincreased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADM, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BCL6, CARD8, CLTC,CNTN4, DIP2C, DNAH14, EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2, FAM124A, FOSB, GABRB2, IL1B,KCNJ15, LAMB4, MAPK14, ODZ2, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBO1, RUNDC3B, S100A12,SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TTC6 (includes EG:115669),VWA3B and ZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have coronary artery disease andhave increased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, AK5, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BMPR1B, CARD16,CNTN4, DMRT1, DNAH14, ERAP2, FREM2, GRM5, IL1B, IQGAP2, LIFR, MAN1C1,MBNL1, MCF2L, MECOM, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2, OLFM2, PDE1A, ROBO1, RORB, SNRPN,SPOCK3, SPON1, TRPM1, UNC84A and VWA3B.

In some embodiments, the patient may have Crohn's disease and haveincreased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, AK5, APBA2, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), CARD8,DIP2C, DNAH14, ERAP2, FBLN7, FREM2, GRM5, LHX2, LNPEP, MECOM, ODZ2,OPCML, PAPPA, PDE1A, PPP1R1C, ROBO1, SFXN1, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583),SLC26A8, SNRPN, SPON1, TGFB2, TLR5, VWA3B and ZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have a neurodegenerative disorderand have increased or decreased expression relative to a control levelof expression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), CASP5, CNTN4, FAM124A, FOLH1,GABRB2, GRM5, IL1B, MECOM, NDST3, NOS3, OPCML, RFX2, SCN2A, SLC22A4(includes EG:6583), SLC2A3, SLC3A1, SPON1, TSHZ2 and ZNF608.

In some embodiments, the patient may have Alzheimer's disease and haveincreased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), CASP5, CNTN4, FAM124A, FOLH1,GABRB2, GRM5, IL1B, MECOM, NDST3, NOS3, OPCML, RFX2, SLC22A4 (includesEG:6583), SLC2A3, SLC3A1, SPON1, TSHZ2 and ZNF608.

3. Biomarkers Indicative of the Occurrence or Risk of TIA

Overexpressed biomarkers indicative of the occurrence of TIA or usefulto predict the risk of experiencing TIA are listed in Table 1. Inpracticing the present methods, the expression levels of a plurality ofbiomarkers from Table 1 are determined, optionally in combination withother TIA-associated biomarkers described herein (e.g., in Tables 2, 5A,5B, 5C, 5D, 7, 8 and/or 9) and known in the art.

Preferably, the expression levels of a plurality in the range of about15-85 total biomarkers are determined, for example, about 20-70, 30-60or 40-50 biomarkers. The expression levels of the biomarkers can beconcurrently or sequentially determined. In some embodiments, theexpression levels of at least about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20,30, 45, 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, or more, biomarkerslisted in Table 1 are determined, optionally in combination with otherTIA-associated biomarkers described herein (e.g., in Tables 2, 5A, 5B,5C, 5D, 7, 8 and/or 9) and known in the art.

In patients who have experienced TIA or who are at risk of developingTIA, the biomarkers of Table 1 are overexpressed in comparison to acontrol level of expression. A control level of expression can refer tothe level of expression of the same biomarker in an individual who hasnot had and is not at risk for a vascular event or the level ofexpression of a stably expressed endogenous control gene. In patientswho have experienced TIA or who are at risk of developing TIA, thebiomarkers of Table 1 are overexpressed at least 1.5-fold, e.g., atleast 1.6-fold, 1.7-fold, 1.8-fold, 1.9-fold, 2.0-fold, 2.1-fold,2.2-fold, 2.3-fold, 2.4-fold, 2.5-fold, 2.6-fold, 2.7-fold, 2.8-fold,2.9-fold, 3.0-fold, 3.1-fold, 3.2-fold, 3.3-fold, 3.4-fold or 3.5-fold,or more, in comparison to a control level of expression.

TABLE 1 TIA-associated biomarkers that are upregulated Fold- Fold-Change Change (TIA vs. RefSeq (TIA vs. Control) Probeset ID Gene SymbolGene Title Transcript ID Control) (Description) 1557122_s_at GABRB2gamma-aminobutyric acid NM_000813 /// 3.49668 TIA up vs Control (GABA) Areceptor, beta 2 NM_021911 227612_at ELAVL3 ELAV (embryonic lethal,NM_001420 /// 3.23425 TIA up vs Control abnormal vision, NM_032281Drosophila)-like 3 (Hu antigen C) 1556499_s_at COL1A1 collagen, type I,alpha 1 NM_000088 2.87107 TIA up vs Control 210135_s_at SHOX2 shortstature homeobox 2 NM_003030 /// 2.86893 TIA up vs Control NM_006884242344_at GABRB2 gamma-aminobutyric acid NM_000813 /// 2.72458 TIA up vsControl (GABA) A receptor, beta 2 NM_021911 213943_at TWIST1 twisthomolog 1 NM_000474 2.72279 TIA up vs Control (Drosophila) 241199_x_atDPPA4 developmental NM_018189 2.68174 TIA up vs Control pluripotencyassociated 4 222253_s_at DKFZP434P211 POM121 membrane NR_003714 2.61011TIA up vs Control glycoprotein-like 1 pseudogene 206954_at WIT1 Wilmstumor upstream NM_015855 /// 2.58643 TIA up vs Control neighbor 1NR_023920 202935_s_at SOX9 SRY (sex determining NM_000346 2.45928 TIA upvs Control region Y)-box 9 239309_at DLX6 distal-less homeobox 6NM_005222 2.4523 TIA up vs Control 209369_at ANXA3 annexin A3 NM_0051392.41095 TIA up vs Control 211164_at EPHA3 EPH receptor A3 NM_005233 ///2.39314 TIA up vs Control NM_182644 204913_s_at SOX11 SRY (sexdetermining NM_003108 2.34727 TIA up vs Control region Y)-box 11237340_at SLC26A8 solute carrier family 26, NM_052961 /// 2.32491 TIA upvs Control member 8 NM_138718 220351_at CCRL1 chemokine (C-C motif)NM_016557 /// 2.32444 TIA up vs Control receptor-like 1 NM_178445230964_at FREM2 FRAS1 related NM_207361 2.30984 TIA up vs Controlextracellular matrix protein 2 231969_at STOX2 storkhead box 2 NM_0202252.2552 TIA up vs Control 1555367_at ZNF479 zinc finger protein 479NM_033273 /// 2.25193 TIA up vs Control XM_001714591 /// XM_0017199791557717_at LOC338862 hypothetical protein — 2.22946 TIA up vs ControlLOC338862 1554816_at ASTN2 astrotactin 2 NM_014010 /// 2.22748 TIA up vsControl NM_198186 /// NM_198187 /// NM_198188 217487_x_at FOLH1 folatehydrolase (prostate- NM_001014986 /// 2.19987 TIA up vs Control specificmembrane NM_004476 antigen) 1 241987_x_at SNX31 sorting nexin 31NM_152628 2.19167 TIA up vs Control 227250_at KREMEN1 kringle containingNM_001039570 /// 2.16406 TIA up vs Control transmembrane protein 1NM_001039571 1555368_x_at ZNF479 zinc finger protein 479 NM_033273 ///2.16203 TIA up vs Control XM_001714591 /// XM_001719979 1563673_a_atALS2CR11 amyotrophic lateral NM_152525 2.15177 TIA up vs Controlsclerosis 2 (juvenile) chromosome region, candidate 11 239710_at FIGNfidgetin NM_018086 2.14096 TIA up vs Control 242385_at RORB RAR-relatedorphan NM_006914 2.14023 TIA up vs Control receptor B 1570009_atLOC732096 similar to hCG2040240 XM_001720784 /// 2.13184 TIA up vsControl XM_001725388 /// XR_016064 1559520_at GYPA Glycophorin ANM_002099 2.12904 TIA up vs Control 215783_s_at ALPL alkalinephosphatase, NM_000478 /// 2.1006 TIA up vs Control liver/bone/kidneyNM_001127501 206140_at LHX2 LIM homeobox 2 NM_004789 2.0959 TIA up vsControl 240390_at GALNT5 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D- NM_014568 2.09257 TIA upvs Control galactosamine:polypeptide N- acetylgalactosaminyltransferase241961_at SRD5A2L2 steroid 5 alpha-reductase NM_001010874 2.08494 TIA upvs Control 2-like 2 219271_at GALNT14 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D- NM_0245722.07605 TIA up vs Control galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 206048_at OVOL2 ovo-like 2 (Drosophila)NM_021220 2.06333 TIA up vs Control 242579_at BMPR1B bone morphogeneticNM_001203 2.05687 TIA up vs Control protein receptor, type IB 226899_atUNC5B unc-5 homolog B (C. elegans) NM_170744 2.04351 TIA up vs Control231867_at ODZ2 odz, odd Oz/ten-m NM_001080428 /// 2.03143 TIA up vsControl homolog 2 (Drosophila) NM_001122679 1557924_s_at ALPL alkalinephosphatase, NM_000478 /// 2.02022 TIA up vs Control liver/bone/kidneyNM_001127501 217194_at RASAL2 RAS protein activator like 2 NM_004841 ///2.00632 TIA up vs Control NM_170692 207570_at SHOX short staturehomeobox NM_000451 /// 2.00103 TIA up vs Control NM_006883 235568_atC19orf59 chromosome 19 open NM_174918 1.99789 TIA up vs Control readingframe 59 1552946_at ZNF114 zinc finger protein 114 NM_153608 1.99445 TIAup vs Control 1554473_at SRGAP1 SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase NM_020762 1.99203TIA up vs Control activating protein 1 228260_at ELAVL2 ELAV (embryoniclethal, NM_004432 1.9905 TIA up vs Control abnormal vision,Drosophila)-like 2 (Hu antigen B) 1559292_s_at NCRNA00032 Clone IMAGE:2275835 XM_376821 /// 1.98554 TIA up vs Control C9orf14 mRNA, partialXM_938938 sequence; alternatively spliced 214984_at LOC440345hypothetical protein XR_015786 1.98536 TIA up vs Control LOC4403451557155_a_at FLJ30375 CDNA clone XM_001724993 /// 1.97451 TIA up vsControl IMAGE: 5301781 XM_001725199 /// XM_001725628 215447_at TFPITissue factor pathway NM_001032281 /// 1.96509 TIA up vs Controlinhibitor (lipoprotein- NM_006287 associated coagulation inhibitor),228825_at PTGR1 prostaglandin reductase 1 NM_012212 1.95262 TIA up vsControl 213194_at ROBO1 roundabout, axon guidance NM_002941 /// 1.95207TIA up vs Control receptor, homolog 1 NM_133631 (Drosophila) 209119_x_atNR2F2 nuclear receptor subfamily NM_021005 1.94377 TIA up vs Control 2,group F, member 2 206819_at DKFZP434P211 POM121 membrane NR_0037141.93567 TIA up vs Control glycoprotein-like 1 pseudogene 207235_s_atGRM5 glutamate receptor, NM_000842 /// 1.93451 TIA up vs Controlmetabotropic 5 NM_001143831 201744_s_at LUM lumican NM_002345 1.93131TIA up vs Control 230999_at FLJ39051 CDNA FLJ39051 fis, — 1.92605 TIA upvs Control clone NT2RP7011452 229218_at COL1A2 collagen, type I, alpha 2NM_000089 1.92067 TIA up vs Control 207500_at CASP5 caspase 5,apoptosis- NM_001136109 /// 1.91798 TIA up vs Control related cysteinepeptidase NM_001136110 /// NM_001136111 /// NM_001136112 /// NM_004347// 214111_at OPCML opioid binding protein/cell NM_001012393 /// 1.91158TIA up vs Control adhesion molecule-like NM_002545 1556666_a_at TTC6tetratricopeptide repeat NM_001007795 1.91015 TIA up vs Control domain 6214451_at TFAP2B transcription factor AP-2 NM_003221 1.89347 TIA up vsControl beta (activating enhancer binding protein 2 beta) 210262_atCRISP2 cysteine-rich secretory NM_001142407 /// 1.88349 TIA up vsControl protein 2 NM_001142408 /// NM_001142417 /// NM_001142435 ///NM_003296 204914_s_at SOX11 SRY (sex determining NM_003108 1.88201 TIAup vs Control region Y)-box 11 1562292_at ANKRD30B ankyrin repeat domain30B XM_001716904 /// 1.86641 TIA up vs Control XM_001717561 ///XM_001717810 227925_at FLJ39051 CDNA FLJ39051 fis, — 1.86433 TIA up vsControl clone NT2RP7011452 229057_at SCN2A sodium channel, voltage-NM_001040142 /// 1.85129 TIA up vs Control gated, type II, alphaNM_001040143 /// subunit NM_021007 237510_at MYNN Myoneurin, mRNANM_018657 1.85041 TIA up vs Control (cDNA clone IMAGE: 4721583) 40284_atFOXA2 forkhead box A2 NM_021784 /// 1.8498 TIA up vs Control NM_153675233092_s_at DKFZP434B061 DKFZP434B061 protein XR_015528 /// 1.84946 TIAup vs Control XR_040812 230902_at LOC645323 CDNA clone NR_015436 ///1.84336 TIA up vs Control IMAGE: 5260726 NR_024383 /// NR_024384 ///XR_041118 /// XR_041119 /// XR_041120 232547_at SNIP SNAP25-interactingNM_025248 1.83841 TIA up vs Control protein 238850_at LOC645323hypothetical LOC645323 NR_015436 /// 1.81503 TIA up vs Control NR_024383/// NR_024384 /// XR_041118 /// XR_041119 /// XR_041120 233879_atLOC374491 TPTE and PTEN NR_002815 1.81019 TIA up vs Control homologousinositol lipid phosphatase pseudogene 243520_x_at ADAM30 ADAMmetallopeptidase NM_021794 1.80193 TIA up vs Control domain 30 206634_atSIX3 SIX homeobox 3 NM_005413 1.78989 TIA up vs Control 1560790_atFLJ36144 hypothetical protein XR_040632 /// 1.78391 TIA up vs ControlFLJ36144 XR_040633 /// XR_040634 232969_at CARD8 caspase recruitmentNM_014959 1.78265 TIA up vs Control domain family, member 8 235370_atKREMEN1 kringle containing NM_001039570 /// 1.77475 TIA up vs Controltransmembrane protein 1 NM_001039571 1555990_at RP1-127L4.6 hypotheticalprotein NM_001010859 1.76603 TIA up vs Control LOC150297 222291_atFAM149A family with sequence NM_001006655 /// 1.75785 TIA up vs Controlsimilarity 149, member A NM_015398 239144_at B3GAT2 beta-1,3- NM_0807421.75721 TIA up vs Control glucuronyltransferase 2(glucuronosyltransferase S) 235342_at SPOCK3 sparc/osteonectin, cwcvNM_001040159 /// 1.75314 TIA up vs Control and kazal-like domainsNM_016950 proteoglycan (testican) 3 1553024_at G30 protein LG30-like —1.75094 TIA up vs Control 214927_at ITGBL1 integrin, beta-like 1 (withNM_004791 1.73813 TIA up vs Control EGF-like repeat domains) 229538_s_atIQGAP3 IQ motif containing NM_178229 1.73797 TIA up vs Control GTPaseactivating protein 3 1553329_at C7orf45 chromosome 7 open NM_1452681.72974 TIA up vs Control reading frame 45 232303_at ZNF608 zinc fingerprotein 608 NM_020747 1.72629 TIA up vs Control 1558982_at LOC375010hypothetical LOC375010 XR_041271 1.72485 TIA up vs Control 230863_atLRP2 low density lipoprotein- NM_004525 1.71146 TIA up vs Controlrelated protein 2 228121_at TGFB2 transforming growth NM_001135599 ///1.70904 TIA up vs Control factor, beta 2 NM_003238 208443_x_at SHOX2short stature homeobox 2 NM_003030 /// 1.70616 TIA up vs ControlNM_006884 206858_s_at HOXC4 /// homeobox C4 /// NM_004503 /// 1.70414TIA up vs Control HOXC6 homeobox C6 NM_014620 /// NM_153633 ///NM_153693 219134_at ELTD1 EGF, latrophilin and seven NM_022159 1.70282TIA up vs Control transmembrane domain containing 1 222205_x_at FAM182B/// family with sequence XM_001132551 /// 1.70042 TIA up vs ControlRP13-401N8.2 similarity 182, member B XM_001133521 /// /// hypotheticalgene XM_001718365 /// supported by XM_933752 220696_at PRO0478 PRO0478protein — 1.69169 TIA up vs Control 225571_at LIFR leukemia inhibitoryfactor NM_001127671 /// 1.69168 TIA up vs Control receptor alphaNM_002310 217483_at FOLH1 folate hydrolase (prostate- NM_001014986 ///1.68955 TIA up vs Control specific membrane NM_004476 antigen) 1232360_at EHF ets homologous factor NM_012153 1.68951 TIA up vs Control220429_at NDST3 N-deacetylase/N- NM_004784 1.68889 TIA up vs Controlsulfotransferase (heparan glucosaminyl) 3 232416_at BRUNOL5 bruno-like5, RNA binding NM_021938 1.68747 TIA up vs Control protein (Drosophila)231434_at LOC728460 similar to FLJ32921 XM_001128581 /// 1.68733 TIA upvs Control protein XM_001129498 /// XM_001723364 208396_s_at PDE1Aphosphodiesterase 1A, NM_001003683 /// 1.68453 TIA up vs Controlcalmodulin-dependent NM_005019 1569675_at POU2AF1 POU class 2associating NM_006235 1.67876 TIA up vs Control factor 1, mRNA (cDNAclone MGC: 45211 IMAGE: 5554134) 201579_at FAT1 FAT tumor suppressorNM_005245 1.67288 TIA up vs Control homolog 1 (Drosophila) 210292_s_atPCDH11X /// protocadherin 11 X-linked NM_014522 /// 1.6605 TIA up vsControl PCDH11Y /// protocadherin 11 Y- NM_032967 /// linked NM_032968/// NM_032969 /// NM_032971 /// NM_032972 1558579_at FLJ37786hypothetical LOC642691 XR_041472 /// 1.66029 TIA up vs Control XR_041473205896_at SLC22A4 solute carrier family 22 NM_003059 1.65918 TIA up vsControl (organic cation/ergothioneine transporter), member 4 226121_atDHRS13 dehydrogenase/reductase NM_144683 1.65414 TIA up vs Control (SDRfamily) member 13 219850_s_at EHF ets homologous factor NM_0121531.64412 TIA up vs Control 235077_at MEG3 maternally expressed 3NR_002766 /// 1.6384 TIA up vs Control (non-protein coding) NR_003530/// NR_003531 214868_at PIWIL1 piwi-like 1 (Drosophila) NM_0047641.63171 TIA up vs Control 232034_at LOC203274 CDNA FLJ31544 fis, —1.63147 TIA up vs Control clone NT2RI2000865 1556704_s_at LOC100133920hypothetical protein NR_024443 /// 1.63034 TIA up vs Control ///LOC286297 LOC100133920 /// XM_001714612 /// hypothetical proteinXM_372109 /// LOC286297 XM_933054 /// XM_933058 220493_at DMRT1doublesex and mab-3 NM_021951 1.61917 TIA up vs Control relatedtranscription factor 1 202912_at ADM adrenomedullin NM_001124 1.61874TIA up vs Control 1561200_at VWA3B von Willebrand factor A NM_1449921.61802 TIA up vs Control domain containing 3B 1555726_at GAFA3 FGF-2activity-associated XM_001715321 /// 1.61768 TIA up vs Control protein 3XM_001722922 /// XM_001723636 211267_at HESX1 HESX homeobox 1 NM_0038651.61355 TIA up vs Control 206134_at ADAMDEC1 ADAM-like, decysin 1NM_014479 1.61274 TIA up vs Control 203065_s_at CAV1 caveolin 1,caveolae NM_001753 1.60773 TIA up vs Control protein, 22 kDa 215516_atLAMB4 laminin, beta 4 NM_007356 1.60646 TIA up vs Control 220205_at TPTEtransmembrane NM_199259 /// 1.60547 TIA up vs Control phosphatase withtensin NM_199260 /// homology NM_199261 1555462_at PPP1R1C proteinphosphatase 1, NM_001080545 1.60542 TIA up vs Control regulatory(inhibitor) subunit 1C 219403_s_at HPSE heparanase NM_001098540 ///1.60481 TIA up vs Control NM_006665 206513_at AIM2 absent in melanoma 2NM_004833 1.60396 TIA up vs Control 215321_at RUNDC3B RUN domaincontaining NM_001134405 /// 1.60322 TIA up vs Control 3B NM_001134406/// NM_138290 1552701_a_at CARD16 caspase recruitment NM_001017534 ///1.59587 TIA up vs Control domain family, member 16 NM_052889 230519_atFAM124A family with sequence NM_145019 1.59499 TIA up vs Controlsimilarity 124A 240814_at MGC39584 hypothetical gene XR_017735 ///1.59341 TIA up vs Control supported by BC029568 XR_017787 /// XR_041937230170_at OSM oncostatin M NM_020530 1.58899 TIA up vs Control 226872_atRFX2 regulatory factor X, 2 NM_000635 /// 1.58786 TIA up vs Control(influences HLA class II NM_134433 expression) 214087_s_at MYBPC1 myosinbinding protein C, NM_002465 /// 1.58609 TIA up vs Control slow typeNM_206819 /// NM_206820 /// NM_206821 203005_at LTBR lymphotoxin betareceptor NM_002342 1.58399 TIA up vs Control (TNFR superfamily, member3) 223977_s_at C18orf2 chromosome 18 open NM_031416 /// 1.58384 TIA upvs Control reading frame 2 NR_023925 /// NR_023926 /// NR_023927 ///NR_023928 240204_at SNRPN small nuclear NM_003097 /// 1.58295 TIA up vsControl ribonucleoprotein NM_022805 /// polypeptide N NM_022806 ///NM_022807 /// NM_022808 /// NR_001289 229521_at FLJ36031 hypotheticalprotein NM_175884 1.58141 TIA up vs Control FLJ36031 205067_at IL1Binterleukin 1, beta NM_000576 1.57884 TIA up vs Control 206479_at TRPM1transient receptor potential NM_002420 1.57541 TIA up vs Control cationchannel, subfamily M, member 1 1553931_at OSTCLoligosaccharyltransferase NM_145303 1.57501 TIA up vs Control complexsubunit-like 210449_x_at MAPK14 mitogen-activated protein NM_001315 ///1.57327 TIA up vs Control kinase 14 NM_139012 /// NM_139013 ///NM_139014 238428_at KCNJ15 /// potassium inwardly- NM_002243 /// 1.56965TIA up vs Control LOC100131955 rectifying channel, NM_170736 ///subfamily J, member 15 /// NM_170737 /// similar to pot XM_001713900 ///XM_001715532 /// XM_0 238964_at FIGN fidgetin NM_018086 1.56796 TIA upvs Control 227566_at HNT neurotrimin NM_001048209 /// 1.56554 TIA up vsControl NM_016522 205863_at S100A12 S100 calcium binding NM_0056211.5633 TIA up vs Control protein A12 208168_s_at CHIT1 chitinase 1NM_003465 1.56138 TIA up vs Control (chitotriosidase) 239203_at C7orf53chromosome 7 open NM_001134468 /// 1.55912 TIA up vs Control readingframe 53 NM_182597 1569025_s_at FAM13A1 family with sequenceNM_001015045 /// 1.55876 TIA up vs Control similarity 13, member A1NM_014883 204763_s_at GNAO1 guanine nucleotide binding NM_020988 ///1.5542 TIA up vs Control protein (G protein), alpha NM_138736 activatingactivity polype 211561_x_at MAPK14 mitogen-activated protein NM_001315/// 1.55337 TIA up vs Control kinase 14 NM_139012 /// NM_139013 ///NM_139014 220645_at FAM55D family with sequence NM_001077639 /// 1.55166TIA up vs Control similarity 55, member D NM_017678 241669_x_at PRKD2protein kinase D2 NM_001079880 /// 1.55139 TIA up vs ControlNM_001079881 /// NM_001079882 /// NM_016457 210582_s_at LIMK2 LIM domainkinase 2 NM_001031801 /// 1.5485 TIA up vs Control NM_005569 ///NM_016733 1553652_a_at C18orf54 chromosome 18 open NM_173529 1.54796 TIAup vs Control reading frame 54 211959_at IGFBP5 insulin-like growthfactor NM_000599 1.54545 TIA up vs Control binding protein 5 243277_x_atEVI1 ecotropic viral integration NM_001105077 /// 1.5445 TIA up vsControl site 1 NM_001105078 /// NM_005241 202446_s_at PLSCR1phospholipid scramblase 1 NM_021105 1.54059 TIA up vs Control1553613_s_at FOXC1 forkhead box C1 NM_001453 1.53964 TIA up vs Control1568933_at LOC646627 phospholipase inhibitor NM_001085474 1.53874 TIA upvs Control 244007_at ZNF462 zinc finger protein 462 NM_021224 1.53545TIA up vs Control 239989_at CNTLN centlein, centrosomal NM_001114395 ///1.53478 TIA up vs Control protein NM_017738 229743_at ZNF438 zinc fingerprotein 438 NM_001143766 /// 1.53049 TIA up vs Control NM_001143767 ///NM_001143768 /// NM_001143769 /// NM_001143770 1553002_at DEFB105A ///defensin, beta 105A /// NM_001040703 /// 1.52948 TIA up vs ControlDEFB105B defensin, beta 105B NM_152250 1560823_at LOC340017 hypotheticalprotein — 1.51946 TIA up vs Control LOC340017 1554540_at C1orf67chromosome 1 open NM_144989 1.51941 TIA up vs Control reading frame 67207275_s_at ACSL1 acyl-CoA synthetase long- NM_001995 1.51866 TIA up vsControl chain family member 1 209614_at ADH1B alcohol dehydrogenase 1BNM_000668 1.51397 TIA up vs Control (class I), beta polypeptide216236_s_at SLC2A14 /// solute carrier family 2 NM_006931 /// 1.51356TIA up vs Control SLC2A3 (facilitated glucose NM_153449 transporter),member 14 /// solute 39402_at IL1B interleukin 1, beta NM_000576 1.51316TIA up vs Control 203759_at ST3GAL4 ST3 beta-galactoside NM_006278 ///1.51002 TIA up vs Control alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4 XM_001714343 ///XM_001726541 /// XM_001726562 222435_s_at UBE2J1 ubiquitin-conjugatingNM_016021 1.50758 TIA up vs Control enzyme E2, J1 (UBC6 homolog, yeast)233030_at PNPLA3 patatin-like phospholipase NM_025225 1.50269 TIA up vsControl domain containing 3 1559400_s_at PAPPA pregnancy-associatedNM_002581 1.50009 TIA up vs Control plasma protein A, pappalysin 1

Underexpressed biomarkers indicative of the occurrence of TIA or usefulto predict the risk of experiencing TIA are listed in Table 2. Inpracticing the present methods, the expression levels of a plurality ofbiomarkers from Table 2 are determined, optionally in combination withother TIA-associated biomarkers described herein (e.g., in Tables 1, 5A,5B, 5C, 5D, 7, 8 and/or 9) and known in the art. In some embodiments,the expression levels of at least about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15,20, 30, 45, 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, or more, biomarkerslisted in Table 2 are determined, optionally in combination with otherTIA-associated biomarkers described herein (e.g., in Tables 1, 5A, 5B,5C, 5D, 7, 8 and/or 9) and known in the art.

In patients who have experienced TIA or who are at risk of developingTIA, the biomarkers of Table 2 are underexpressed in comparison to acontrol level of expression. A control level of expression can refer tothe level of expression of the same biomarker in an individual who hasnot had and is not at risk for a vascular event or the level ofexpression of a stably expressed endogenous control gene. In patientswho have experienced TIA or who are at risk of developing TIA, thebiomarkers of Table 2 are underexpressed at least 1.5-fold, e.g., atleast 1.6-fold, 1.7-fold, 1.8-fold, 1.9-fold, 2.0-fold, 2.1-fold,2.2-fold, 2.3-fold, 2.4-fold, 2.5-fold, 2.6-fold, 2.7-fold, 2.8-fold,2.9-fold, 3.0-fold, 3.1-fold, 3.2-fold, 3.3-fold, 3.4-fold or 3.5-fold,or more, in comparison to a control level of expression.

TABLE 2 TIA-associated biomarkers that are downregulated Fold- Fold-Change Change (TIA vs. RefSeq (TIA vs. Control) Probeset ID Gene SymbolGene Title Transcript ID Control) (Description) 242191_at NBPF10 ///neuroblastoma breakpoint NM_001039703 /// −1.50043 TIA down vsRP11-94I2.2 family, member 10 /// NM_183372 /// Control hypotheticalprotein XM_001722184 LOC200030 232055_at SFXN1 sideroflexin 1 NM_022754−1.50117 TIA down vs Control 1555883_s_at SPIN3 spindlin family, member3 NM_001010862 −1.50348 TIA down vs Control 206487_at UNC84A unc-84homolog A (C. elegans) NM_001130965 /// −1.50376 TIA down vs NM_025154Control 223601_at OLFM2 olfactomedin 2 NM_058164 −1.5119 TIA down vsControl 244011_at PPM1K protein phosphatase 1K NM_152542 −1.51501 TIAdown vs (PP2C domain containing) Control 214615_at P2RY10 purinergicreceptor P2Y, NM_014499 /// −1.51779 TIA down vs G-protein coupled, 10NM_198333 Control 55872_at ZNF512B zinc finger protein 512B NM_020713−1.52158 TIA down vs Control 243857_at MORF4L2 Mrgx mRNA for MRGXNM_001142418 /// −1.52328 TIA down vs NM_001142419 /// ControlNM_001142420 /// NM_001142421 /// NM_001142422 1560133_at GIGYF2 GRB10interacting GYF NM_001103146 /// −1.52626 TIA down vs protein 2NM_001103147 /// Control NM_001103148 /// NM_015575 1554273_a_at ERAP2endoplasmic reticulum NM_001130140 /// −1.52883 TIA down vsaminopeptidase 2 NM_022350 Control 1553423_a_at SLFN13 schlafen familymember 13 NM_144682 −1.53028 TIA down vs Control 229094_at LOC401431hypothetical gene XR_040272 /// −1.53069 TIA down vs LOC401431 XR_040273/// Control XR_040274 /// XR_040275 207078_at MED6 mediator complexsubunit 6 NM_005466 −1.53192 TIA down vs Control 227372_s_at BAIAP2L1/// BAI1-associated protein 2- NM_018842 /// −1.53271 TIA down vsLOC100128461 like 1 /// hypothetical XM_001722656 /// Control proteinLOC100128461 XM_001724217 /// XM_001724858 236728_at LNPEPleucyl/cystinyl NM_005575 /// −1.53387 TIA down vs aminopeptidaseNM_175920 Control 215663_at MBNL1 muscleblind-like NM_021038 ///−1.53726 TIA down vs (Drosophila) NM_207292 /// Control NM_207293 ///NM_207294 /// NM_207295 /// NM_207296 229093_at NOS3 nitric oxidesynthase 3 NM_000603 −1.53818 TIA down vs (endothelial cell) Control212935_at MCF2L MCF.2 cell line derived NM_001112732 /// −1.53863 TIAdown vs transforming sequence-like NM_024979 Control 215750_at KIAA1659KIAA1659 protein XM_001723799 /// −1.54646 TIA down vs XM_001725435 ///Control XM_001726785 212699_at SCAMP5 secretory carrier NM_138967−1.54948 TIA down vs membrane protein 5 Control 1565911_at LOC648921MRNA full length insert XM_001715629 /// −1.54981 TIA down vs cDNA cloneXM_001720571 /// Control EUROIMAGE 209544 XR_018520 239651_at ANAPC5anaphase promoting NM_001137559 /// −1.55844 TIA down vs complex subunit5 NM_016237 Control 213993_at SPON1 spondin 1, extracellular NM_006108−1.55928 TIA down vs matrix protein Control 231108_at FUS fusion(involved in NM_004960 −1.56277 TIA down vs t(12; 16) in malignantControl liposarcoma) 221288_at GPR22 G protein-coupled receptorNM_005295 −1.56303 TIA down vs 22 Control 219815_at GAL3ST4galactose-3-O- NM_024637 −1.5674 TIA down vs sulfotransferase 4 Control242111_at METTL3 methyltransferase like 3 NM_019852 −1.56742 TIA down vsControl 239062_at LOC100131096 hypothetical XM_001720907 /// −1.57675TIA down vs LOC100131096 XM_001726205 /// Control XM_001726705 230792_atFAAH2 fatty acid amide hydrolase 2 NM_174912 −1.57807 TIA down vsControl 232020_at SMURF2 SMAD specific E3 NM_022739 −1.57992 TIA down vsubiquitin protein ligase 2 Control 226587_at SNRPN small nuclearNM_003097 /// −1.58006 TIA down vs ribonucleoprotein NM_022805 ///Control polypeptide N NM_022806 /// NM_022807 /// NM_022808 ///NR_001289 229247_at FBLN7 fibulin 7 NM_001128165 /// −1.58734 TIA downvs NM_153214 Control 223080_at GLS Glutaminase, mRNA NM_014905 −1.59404TIA down vs (cDNA clone MGC: 33744 Control IMAGE: 5263220) 1557350_atG3BP1 GTPase activating protein NM_005754 /// −1.6194 TIA down vs (SH3domain) binding NM_198395 Control protein 1 219864_s_at RCAN3 RCANfamily member 3 NM_013441 −1.61977 TIA down vs Control 209368_at EPHX2epoxide hydrolase 2, NM_001979 −1.62474 TIA down vs cytoplasmic Control212504_at DIP2C DIP2 disco-interacting NM_014974 −1.62614 TIA down vsprotein 2 homolog C Control (Drosophila) 1553645_at CCDC141 coiled-coildomain NM_173648 −1.62867 TIA down vs containing 141 Control 239871_atCLTC Clathrin, heavy chain (Hc), NM_004859 −1.63031 TIA down vs mRNA(cDNA clone Control IMAGE: 4812912) 202768_at FOSB FBJ murineosteosarcoma NM_001114171 /// −1.63049 TIA down vs viral oncogenehomolog B NM_006732 Control 221631_at CACNA1I calcium channel, voltage-NM_001003406 /// −1.63297 TIA down vs dependent, T type, alpha 1INM_021096 Control subunit 1558569_at UNQ6228 MRNA; cDNA XM_001725293 ///−1.63796 TIA down vs DKFZp667K1619 (from XM_001725359 /// Control cloneDKFZp667K1619) XM_001726164 229252_at ATG9B ATG9 autophagy related 9NM_173681 −1.64694 TIA down vs homolog B (S. cerevisiae) Control222862_s_at AK5 adenylate kinase 5 NM_012093 /// −1.64741 TIA down vsNM_174858 Control 1555882_at SPIN3 spindlin family, member 3NM_001010862 −1.65127 TIA down vs Control 239635_at RBM14 RNA bindingmotif protein NM_006328 −1.65349 TIA down vs 14 Control 1560741_at SNRPNsmall nuclear NM_003097 /// −1.65945 TIA down vs ribonucleoproteinNM_022805 /// Control polypeptide N NM_022806 /// NM_022807 ///NM_022808 /// NR_001289 214180_at MAN1C1 mannosidase, alpha, classNM_020379 −1.66631 TIA down vs 1C, member 1 Control 220085_at HELLShelicase, lymphoid- NM_018063 −1.67692 TIA down vs specific Control220048_at EDAR ectodysplasin A receptor NM_022336 −1.69385 TIA down vsControl 239667_at SLC3A1 solute carrier family 3 NM_000341 −1.69708 TIAdown vs (cystine, dibasic and Control neutral amino acid transporters, a1568873_at ZNF519 zinc finger protein 519 NM_145287 −1.70283 TIA down vsControl 236621_at LOC100130070 /// similar to NM_001030 /// −1.70558 TIAdown vs LOC100130775 /// metallopanstimulin /// XM_001721002 /// ControlLOC100131787 /// similar to rCG63653 /// XM_001722161 /// LOC100131905/// similar to metallopans XM_001722965 /// LOC100132291 ///XM_001723889 // LOC100132488 /// RPS27 229234_at ZC3H12B zinc fingerCCCH-type NM_001010888 −1.72127 TIA down vs containing 12B Control241723_at IQGAP2 IQ motif containing NM_006633 −1.73571 TIA down vsGTPase activating protein 2 Control 226913_s_at SOX8 SRY (sexdetermining NM_014587 −1.73755 TIA down vs region Y)-box 8 Control1557450_s_at WHDC1L2 WAS protein homology XM_926785 −1.75555 TIA down vsregion 2 domain Control containing 1-like 2 1556116_s_at TNPO1Transportin 1, mRNA NM_002270 /// −1.7577 TIA down vs (cDNA clone MGC:17116 NM_153188 Control IMAGE: 4178989) 218856_at TNFRSF21 tumornecrosis factor NM_014452 −1.77712 TIA down vs receptor superfamily,Control member 21 244521_at TSHZ2 Cell growth-inhibiting NM_173485−1.86192 TIA down vs protein 7 Control 1553998_at DMRTC1 /// DMRT-likefamily C1 /// NM_001080851 /// −1.86704 TIA down vs DMRTC1B DMRT-likefamily C1B NM_033053 Control 204550_x_at GSTM1 glutathione S-transferaseNM_000561 /// −1.95136 TIA down vs mu 1 NM_146421 Control 219308_s_atAK5 adenylate kinase 5 NM_012093 /// −1.95614 TIA down vs NM_174858Control 204418_x_at GSTM2 glutathione S-transferase NM_000848 ///−1.95729 TIA down vs mu 2 (muscle) NM_001142368 Control 235758_at PNMA6Aparaneoplastic antigen like NM_032882 −1.95731 TIA down vs 6A Control239771_at CAND1 cullin-associated and NM_018448 −1.97531 TIA down vsneddylation-dissociated 1 Control 1562028_at CCND3 Cyclin D3 (CCND3),NM_001136017 /// −2.00377 TIA down vs transcript variant 3, mRNANM_001136125 /// Control NM_001136126 /// NM_001760 215333_x_at GSTM1glutathione S-transferase NM_000561 /// −2.03103 TIA down vs mu 1NM_146421 Control 232207_at GUSBL2 glucuronidase, beta-like 2 NR_003660/// −2.10621 TIA down vs XR_042150 /// Control XR_042151

4. Comparison to a Control Level of Expression

The expression of the TIA-associated biomarkers are compared to acontrol level of expression. As appropriate, the control level ofexpression can be the expression level of the same TIA-associatedbiomarker in an otherwise healthy individual (e.g., in an individual whohas not experienced and/or is not at risk of experiencing TIA). In someembodiments, the control level of expression is the expression level ofa plurality of stably expressed endogenous reference biomarkers, asdescribed herein or known in the art. In some embodiments, the controllevel of expression is a predetermined threshold level of expression ofthe same TIA-associated biomarker, e.g., based on the expression levelof the biomarker in a population of otherwise healthy individuals. Insome embodiments, the expression level of the TIA-associated biomarkerand the TIA-associated biomarker in an otherwise healthy individual arenormalized to (i.e., divided by), e.g., the expression levels of aplurality of stably expressed endogenous reference biomarkers.

In some embodiments, the overexpression or underexpression of aTIA-associated biomarker is determined with reference to the expressionof the same TIA-associated biomarker in an otherwise healthy individual.For example, a healthy or normal control individual has not experiencedand/or is not at risk of experiencing TIA. The healthy or normal controlindividual generally has not experienced a vascular event (e.g., TIA,ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, orvenous thromboembolism). The healthy or normal control individualgenerally does not have one or more vascular risk factors (e.g.,hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, or tobacco smoking) Asappropriate, the expression levels of the target TIA-associatedbiomarker in the healthy or normal control individual can be normalized(i.e., divided by) the expression levels of a plurality of stablyexpressed endogenous reference biomarkers.

In some embodiments, the overexpression or underexpression of aTIA-associated biomarker is determined with reference to one or morestably expressed endogenous reference biomarkers. Internal controlbiomarkers or endogenous reference biomarkers are expressed at the sameor nearly the same expression levels in the blood of patients withstroke or TIAs as compared to control patients. Target biomarkers areexpressed at higher or lower levels in the blood of the stroke or TIApatients. The expression levels of the target biomarker to the referencebiomarker are normalized by dividing the expression level of the targetbiomarker to the expression levels of a plurality of endogenousreference biomarkers. The normalized expression level of a targetbiomarker can be used to predict the occurrence or lack thereof ofstroke or TIA, and/or the cause of stroke or TIA.

In some embodiments, the expression level of the TIA-associatedbiomarker from a patient suspected of having or experiencing TIA andfrom a control patient are normalized with respect to the expressionlevels of a plurality of stably expressed endogenous. The expressionlevels of the normalized expression of the TIA-associated biomarker iscompared to the expression levels of the normalized expression of thesame TIA-associated biomarker in a control patient. The determined foldchange in expression=normalized expression of target biomarker in TIApatient/normalized expression of target biomarker in control patient.Overexpression or underexpression of the normalized TIA-associatedbiomarker in the TIA patient by at least about 1.2-fold, 1.3-fold,1.4-fold, 1.5-fold, 1.6-fold, 1.7-fold, 1.8-fold, 1.9-fold, 2.0-fold,2.1 fold, 2.2-fold, 2.3-fold, 2.4-fold, 2.5-fold, 2.6-fold, 2.7-fold,2.8-fold, 2.9-fold, 3.0-fold, 3.1-fold, 3.2-fold, 3.3-fold, 3.4-fold or3.5-fold, or more, in comparison to the expression levels of thenormalized TIA-associated biomarker in a healthy control patientindicates that the TIA patient has experienced or is at risk ofexperiencing TIA.

In some embodiments, the control level of expression is a predeterminedthreshold level. The threshold level can correspond to the level ofexpression of the same TIA-associated biomarker in an otherwise healthyindividual or a population of otherwise healthy individuals, optionallynormalized to the expression levels of a plurality of endogenousreference biomarkers. After expression levels and normalized expressionlevels of the TIA-associated biomarkers are determined in arepresentative number of otherwise healthy individuals and individualspredisposed to experiencing TIA, normal and TIA expression levels of theTIA-associated biomarkers can be maintained in a database, allowing fordetermination of threshold expression levels indicative of the presenceor absence of risk to experience TIA or the occurrence of TIA. If thepredetermined threshold level of expression is with respect to apopulation of normal control patients, then overexpression orunderexpression of the TIA-associated biomarker (usually normalized) inthe TIA patient by at least about 1.2-fold, 1.3-fold, 1.4-fold,1.5-fold, 1.6-fold, 1.7-fold, 1.8-fold, 1.9-fold, 2.0-fold, 2.1 fold,2.2-fold, 2.3-fold, 2.4-fold, 2.5-fold, 2.6-fold, 2.7-fold, 2.8-fold,2.9-fold, 3.0-fold, 3.1-fold, 3.2-fold, 3.3-fold, 3.4-fold or 3.5-fold,or more, in comparison to the threshold level indicates that the TIApatient has experienced or is at risk of experiencing TIA. If thepredetermined threshold level of expression is with respect to apopulation of patients known to have experienced TIA or known to be atrisk for experiencing TIA, then an expression level in the patientsuspected of experiencing TIA that is approximately equal to thethreshold level (or overexpressed or underexpressed greater than thethreshold level of expression), indicates that the TIA patient hasexperienced or is at risk of experiencing TIA.

With respect to the endogenous reference biomarkers used for comparison,preferably, the endogenous reference biomarkers are stably expressed inblood. Exemplary endogenous reference biomarkers that find use arelisted in Table 3, below. Further suitable endogenous referencebiomarkers are published, e.g., in Stamova, et al., BMC Medical Genomics(2009) 2:49. In some embodiments, the expression levels of a pluralityof endogenous reference biomarkers are determined as a control. In someembodiments, the expression levels of at least about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, or more, endogenous reference biomarkers,e.g., as listed in Table 3 or known in the art, are determined as acontrol.

In some embodiments, the expression levels of the endogenous referencebiomarkers GAPDH, ACTB, B2M, HMBS and PPIB are determined as a control.In some embodiments, the expression levels of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 15, 20, 25, or more, endogenous reference biomarkers selected fromthe group consisting of USP7, MAPRE2, CSNK1G2, SAFB2, PRKAR2A, PI4 KB,CRTC1, HADHA, MAP1LC3B, KAT5, CDC2L1///CDC2L2, GTSE1, CDC2L1///CDC2L2,TCF25, CHP, LRRC40, hCG 2003956/1/LYPLA2///LYPLA2P1, DAXX, UBE2NL, EIF1,KCMF1, PRKRIP1, CHMP4A, TMEM184C, TINF2, PODNL1, FBXO42, LOC441258,RRP1, C10orf104, ZDHHC5, C9orf23, LRRC45, NACC1,LOC100133445///LOC115110, PEX16 are determined as a control.

TABLE 3 The 38 endogenous reference biomarkers stably expressed in bloodfor use in normalization and as control levels. Table 3 - StablyExpressed Endogenous Reference Biomarkers RefSeq RefSeq Protein ProbeSet ID Gene Symbol Gene Title GenBank ID UniGene ID Transcript ID ID201499_s_at USP7 ubiquitin specific peptidase NM_003470.1 Hs.706830NM_003470 NP_003461 7 (herpes virus- associated) 202501_at MAPRE2microtubule-associated NM_014268.1 Hs.532824 NM_001143826 ///NP_001137298 /// protein, RP/EB family, NM_001143827 /// NP_001137299/// member 2 NM_014268 /// NP_055083 NR_026570 202573_at CSNK1G2 caseinkinase 1, gamma 2 AL530441 Hs.651905 NM_001319 NP_001310 203280_at SAFB2scaffold attachment factor NM_014649.1 Hs.655392 NM_014649 NP_055464 B2204842_x_at PRKAR2A protein kinase, cAMP- BC002763.1 Hs.631923 NM_004157NP_004148 dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha 206138_s_at PI4KBphosphatidylinositol 4- NM_002651.1 Hs.632465 NM_002651 NP_002642kinase, catalytic, beta 207159_x_at CRTC1 CREB regulated NM_025021.1Hs.371096 NM_001098482 /// NP_001091952 /// transcription coactivator 1NM_015321 NP_056136 208630_at HADHA hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A AI972144Hs.516032 NM_000182 NP_000173 dehydrogenase/3- ketoacyl-Coenzyme Athiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (trifunctional protein), alphasubunit 208786_s_at MAP1LC3B microtubule-associated AF183417.1 Hs.356061NM_022818 NP_073729 protein 1 light chain 3 beta 209192_x_at KAT5K(lysine) acetyltransferase BC000166.2 Hs.397010 NM_006388 /// NP_006379/// 5 NM_182709 /// NP_874368 /// NM_182710 NP_874369 210474_s_at CDC2L1/// cell division cycle 2-like 1 U04819.1 Hs.651228 NM_024011 ///NP_076916 /// CDC2L2 (PITSLRE proteins) /// cell NM_033486 /// NP_277021/// division cycle 2-like 2 NM_033487 /// NP_277022 /// (PITSLREproteins) NM_033488 /// NP_277023 /// NM_033489 /// NP_277024 ///NM_033492 /// NP_277027 /// NM_033493 /// NP_277028 /// NM_033529NP_277071 211040_x_at GTSE1 G-2 and S-phase BC006325.1 Hs.386189NM_016426 NP_057510 expressed 1 211289_x_at CDC2L1 /// cell divisioncycle 2-like 1 AF067524.1 Hs.651228 NM_024011 /// NP_076916 /// CDC2L2(PITSLRE proteins) /// cell NM_033486 /// NP_277021 /// division cycle2-like 2 NM_033487 /// NP_277022 /// (PITSLRE proteins) NM_033488 ///NP_277023 /// NM_033489 /// NP_277024 /// NM_033492 /// NP_277027 ///NM_033493 /// NP_277028 /// NM_033529 NP_277071 213311_s_at TCF25transcription factor 25 BF000251 Hs.415342 NM_014972 NP_055787 (basichelix-loop-helix) 214665_s_at CHP calcium binding protein AK000095.1Hs.406234 NM_007236 NP_009167 P22 215063_x_at LRRC40 leucine rich repeatAL390149.1 Hs.147836 NM_017768 NP_060238 containing 40 215200_x_at — —AK022362.1 Hs.663419 — — 215568_x_at hCG_2003956 /// hCG2003956 ///AL031295 Hs.533479 NM_007260 /// NP_009191 LYPLA2 /// lysophospholipaseII /// NR_001444 LYPLA2P1 lysophospholipase II pseudogene 1 216038_x_atDAXX death-domain associated BE965715 Hs.336916 NM_001141969 ///NP_001135441 /// protein NM_001141970 /// NP_001135442 /// NM_001350 ///NP_001341 NR_024517 217393_x_at UBE2NL ubiquitin-conjugating AL109622Hs.585177 NM_001012989 NP_001013007 enzyme E2N-like 217549_at — —AW574933 Hs.527860 — — 217672_x_at EIF1 eukaryotic translation BF114906Hs.150580 NM_005801 NP_005792 initiation factor 1 217938_s_at KCMF1potassium channel NM_020122.1 Hs.654968 NM_020122 NP_064507 modulatoryfactor 1 218378_s_at PRKRIP1 PRKR interacting protein 1 NM_024653.1Hs.406395 NM_024653 NP_078929 (IL11 inducible) 218571_s_at CHMP4Achromatin modifying NM_014169.1 Hs.279761 NM_014169 NP_054888 protein 4A219074_at TMEM184C transmembrane protein NM_018241.1 Hs.203896 NM_018241NP_060711 184C 220052_s_at TINF2 TERF1 (TRF1)-interacting NM_012461.1Hs.496191 NM_001099274 /// NP_001092744 /// nuclear factor 2 NM_012461NP_036593 22041 1_x_at PODNL1 podocan-like 1 NM_024825.1 Hs.448497NM_001146254 /// NP_001139726 /// NM_001146255 /// NP_001139727 ///NM_024825 NP_079101 221813_at FBXO42 F-box protein 42 AI129395 Hs.522384NM_018994 NP_061867 222207_x_at LOC441258 Williams Beuren syndromeAK024602.1 Hs.711232 — — chromosome region 19 pseudogene 222733_x_atRRP1 ribosomal RNA processing BC000380.1 Hs.110757 NM_003683 NP_003674 1homolog (S. cerevisiae) 224667_x_at C10orf104 chromosome 10 openAK023981.1 Hs.426296 NM_173473 NP_775744 reading frame 104 224858_atZDHHC5 zinc finger, DHHC-type AK023130.1 Hs.27239 NM_015457 NP_056272containing 5 225403_at C9orf23 chromosome 9 open AL528391 Hs.15961NM_148178 /// NP_680544 /// reading frame 23 NM_148179 NP_680545226253_at LRRC45 leucine rich repeat BE965418 Hs.143774 NM_144999NP_659436 containing 45 227651_at NACC1 nucleus accumbens AI498126Hs.531614 NM_052876 NP_443108 associated 1, BEN and BTB (POZ) domaincontaining 232190_x_at LOC100133445 /// hypothetical AI393958 Hs.132272NR_026927 /// — LOC115110 LOC100133445 /// XR_036887 /// hypotheticalprotein XR_038144 LOC115110 49878_at PEX16 peroxisomal biogenesisAA523441 Hs.100915 NM_004813 /// NP_004804 /// factor 16 NM_057174NP_476515

5. Methods of Determining the Cause of TIA

Subsets of the TIA-associated biomarkers described herein further finduse in predicting or determining the cause of TIA.

For example, patients that overexpress genes involved in extracellularmatrix remodeling including one or more or all genes selected fromMMP16, MMP19, MMP26, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL10A1, COL11A1, COL25A1,COL27A1, FGFs and EGFR may have atherosclerosis.

Individuals can have a risk or predisposition to experiencing TIA, e.g.,based on genetics, a related disease condition, environment orlifestyle. For example, in some embodiments, the patient suffers from achronic inflammatory condition, e.g., has an autoimmune disease (e.g.,rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease inflammatory bowel disease),atherosclerosis, hypertension, or diabetes. In some embodiments, thepatient has high LDL-cholesterol levels or suffers from a cardiovasculardisease (e.g., atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease). In someembodiments, the patient has an endocrine system disorder, aneurodegenerative disorder, a connective tissue disorder, or a skeletaland muscular disorder. Exemplary disorders associated with, related to,or causative of TIA are provided in Table 7.

In some embodiments, the patient may have a neurological disorder andhave increased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADH1B, AK5, ANXA3, APBA2, ASTN2 (includesEG:23245), BCL6, BMPR1B, CASP5, CAV1, CNTN4, DIP2C, ELAVL2, EPHX2,ERAP2, FAM124A, FAM13A, FAM149A, FAT1, FOLH1, FOXC1, GABRB2, GIGYF2,GNAO1, GRM5, GSTM1, HESX1, HOXC6, IGFBP5, IL1B, IQGAP2, ITGBL1, LAMB4,LIFR, LTBR, MECOM, NBPF10, NDST3, NELL2, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2, OLFM2, OPCML,PDE1A, RFX2, ROBO1, S100A12, SCN2A, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), SLC2A3,SLC3A1, SOX9, SPOCK3, SPON1, TGFB2, TLR5, TNFRSF21, TRPM1, TSHZ2, TTC6(includes EG:115669), UNC5B, UNC84A and ZNF608.

In some embodiments, the patient may have a skeletal or musculardisorder and have increased or decreased expression relative to acontrol level of expression of a plurality of biomarkers selected fromthe group consisting of ACSL1, ADM, AK5, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245),BCL6, BMPR1B, CARD8, CASP5, CCND3, CLTC, CNTN4, COL1A1, COL1A2, DIP2C,DNAH14, EDAR, ELAVL2, EPHA3, EPHX2, FAM124A, FOSB, GABRB2, GIGYF2,GNAO1, HOXC6, IL1B, KCNJ15, LAMB4, LIFR, LTBR, LUM, MAPK14, MYBPC1,NOS3, ODZ2, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBO1, RUNDC3B, S100A12, SCN2A, SHOX,SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), SOX9, SPOCK3, TLR5, TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TSHZ2,TTC6 (includes EG:115669), TWIST1, UNC5B, VWA3B and ZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have an inflammatory disorder andhave increased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADM, AK5, ANXA3, APBA2, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245),BCL6, CARD8, CASP5, CAV1, CCND3, CCRL1, CLTC, CNTN4, DIP2C, DNAH14,EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2, ERAP2, FAM124A, FBLN7, FOSB, FREM2, GABRB2, GRM5,IL1B, KCNJ15, LAMB4, LHX2, LNPEP, LRP2, LTBR, LUM, MAPK14, MECOM,MYBPC1, NOS3, ODZ2, OPCML, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, PPP1R1C, ROBOT, RUNDC3B,S100A12, SCN2A, SFXN1, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), SLC26A8, SMURF2,SNRPN, SPON1, TGFB2, TLR5, TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TTC6 (includes EG:115669),TWIST1, UNC5B, VWA3B and ZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have a cardiovascular disorder andhave increased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADM, AK5, ALPL, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BCL6,BMPR1B, C18ORF54, CACNA1I, CARD16, CAV1, CNTN4, DMRT1, DNAH14, EDAR,EPHX2, ERAP2, FAM13A, FOLH1, FOSB, FREM2, GABRB2, GRM5, GSTM1, IL1B,IQGAP2, LIFR, LTBR, MAN1C1, MAPK14, MBNL1, MCF2L, MECOM, MYBPC1, NOS3,NTM, ODZ2, OLFM2, OPCML, PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBO1, RORB, S100A12, SMURF2,SNRPN, SOX9, SPOCK3, SPON1, TFPI, TRPM1, UNC84A and VWA3B.

In some embodiments, the patient may have an immunological disorder andhave increased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADM, AK5, ANXA3, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BCL6,CARD8, CASP5, CCND3, CCRL1, CLTC, CNTN4, COL1A2, DIP2C, DNAH14, EDAR,EPHA3, EPHX2, FAM124A, FAT1, FOSB, GABRB2, GOLGA6L2, GSTM1, GUSBL2,IL1B, IQGAP2, KCNJ15, LAMB4, LTBR, MAPK14, MYBPC1, NELL2, NOS3, NTM,ODZ2, OPCML, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBO1, RUNDC3B, S100A12, SLC22A4(includes EG:6583), SNRPN, SPON1, TLR5, TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TSHZ2, TTC6(includes EG:115669), VWA3B and ZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have a metabolic disorder and haveincreased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADAM30, AK5, ALPL, ALS2CR11, ASTN2 (includesEG:23245), BCL6, CARD8, CASP5, CCRL1, CNTLN, CNTN4, COL1A2, DIP2C,DMRT1, DNAH14, EPHA3, EPHX2, FAT1, FOXA2, GABRB2, GUSBL2, IGFBP5, IL1B,IQGAP2, ITGBL1, LRP2, LTBR, MAPK14, MBNL1, NELL2, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2,OPCML, PAPPA, PLSCR1, ROBO1, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), SLC2A3, SLC3A1,SMURF2, SNRPN, SPON1, SRGAP1, TLR5, TSHZ2, UNC84A and VWA3B.

In some embodiments, the patient may have an endocrine system disorderand have increased or decreased expression relative to a control levelof expression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADAM30, AK5, ALPL, ALS2CR11, ASTN2 (includesEG:23245), BCL6, CARD8, CASP5, CCRL1, CNTLN, CNTN4, COL1A2, DIP2C,DMRT1, DNAH14, EPHA3, FAT1, FOXA2, GABRB2, GUSBL2, IL1B, IQGAP2, ITGBL1,LRP2, LTBR, MAPK14, MBNL1, NELL2, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2, OPCML, PAPPA, PLSCR1,ROBO1, SHOX, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), SLC2A3, SMURF2, SNRPN, SPON1,SRGAP1, TLR5, TSHZ2, UNC84A and VWA3B.

In some embodiments, the patient may have an autoimmune disease and haveincreased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADM, AK5, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BCL6, CARD8,CASP5, CCND3, CLTC, CNTN4, COL1A2, DIP2C, DNAH14, EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2,FAM124A, FOSB, GABRB2, GUSBL2, IL1B, IQGAP2, KCNJ15, LAMB4, LTBR,MAPK14, MYBPC1, NELL2, ODZ2, OPCML, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBO1, RUNDC3B,S100A12, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), SNRPN, SPON1, TLR5, TNFRSF21,TNPO1, TSHZ2, TTC6 (includes EG:115669), VWA3B and ZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have diabetes and have increased ordecreased expression relative to a control level of expression of aplurality of biomarkers selected from the group consisting of ACSL1,ADAM30, AK5, ALPL, ALS2CR11, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BCL6, CARD8,CASP5, CCRL1, CNTLN, CNTN4, COL1A2, DIP2C, DMRT1, DNAH14, EPHA3, FAT1,FOXA2, GABRB2, GUSBL2, IL1B, IQGAP2, ITGBL1, LTBR, MAPK14, MBNL1, NELL2,NOS3, NTM, ODZ2, OPCML, PAPPA, PLSCR1, ROBO1, SLC22A4 (includesEG:6583), SLC2A3, SMURF2, SNRPN, SPON1, SRGAP1, TLR5, TSHZ2, UNC84A andVWA3B.

In some embodiments, the patient may have a connective tissue disorderand have increased or decreased expression relative to a control levelof expression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADM, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BCL6, CARD8, CASP5,CCND3, CLTC, CNTN4, COL1A1, COL1A2, DIP2C, DNAH14, EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2,FAM124A, FOSB, GABRB2, IL1B, KCNJ15, LAMB4, LTBR, LUM, MAPK14, ODZ2,OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBO1, RUNDC3B, S100A12, SHOX, SLC22A4 (includesEG:6583), TLR5, TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TTC6 (includes EG:115669), VWA3B andZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have rheumatic disease and haveincreased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADM, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BCL6, CARD8, CASP5,CCND3, CLTC, CNTN4, DIP2C, DNAH14, EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2, FAM124A, FOSB,GABRB2, IL1B, KCNJ15, LAMB4, LTBR, LUM, MAPK14, ODZ2, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A,ROBO1, RUNDC3B, S100A12, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), TLR5, TNFRSF21,TNPO1, TTC6 (includes EG:115669), VWA3B and ZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have arthritis and have increasedor decreased expression relative to a control level of expression of aplurality of biomarkers selected from the group consisting of ACSL1,ADM, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BCL6, CARD8, CASP5, CCND3, CLTC, CNTN4,DIP2C, DNAH14, EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2, FAM124A, FOSB, GABRB2, IL1B, KCNJ15,LAMB4, LTBR, LUM, MAPK14, ODZ2, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBO1, RUNDC3B,S100A12, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TTC6 (includesEG:115669), VWA3B, ZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have atherosclerosis and haveincreased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, AK5, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BMPR1B, CARD16,CNTN4, DMRT1, DNAH14, ERAP2, FOSB, FREM2, GRM5, IL1B, IQGAP2, LIFR,MAN1C1, MBNL1, MCF2L, MECOM, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2, OLFM2, PDE1A, ROBO1, RORB,SNRPN, SPOCK3, SPON1, TRPM1, UNC84A and VWA3B.

In some embodiments, the patient may have inflammatory bowel disease andhave increased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, AK5, APBA2, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), CARD8,DIP2C, DNAH14, ERAP2, FBLN7, FREM2, GRM5, IL1B, LHX2, LNPEP, LTBR,MECOM, NOS3, ODZ2, OPCML, PAPPA, PDE1A, PPP1R1C, ROBO1, SFXN1, SLC22A4(includes EG:6583), SLC26A8, SNRPN, SPON1, TGFB2, TLR5, VWA3B andZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have non-insulin-dependent diabetesmellitus and have increased or decreased expression relative to acontrol level of expression of a plurality of biomarkers selected fromthe group consisting of ADAM30, AK5, ALPL, ALS2CR11, ASTN2 (includesEG:23245), CARD8, CCRL1, CNTLN, CNTN4, COL1A2, DIP2C, DMRT1, EPHA3,FAT1, FOXA2, GABRB2, IL1B, IQGAP2, ITGBL1, MBNL1, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2,PLSCR1, ROBO1, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), SLC2A3, SPON1, SRGAP1, TLR5,UNC84A and VWA3B.

In some embodiments, the patient may have rheumatoid arthritis and haveincreased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, ADM, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BCL6, CARD8, CLTC,CNTN4, DIP2C, DNAH14, EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2, FAM124A, FOSB, GABRB2, IL1B,KCNJ15, LAMB4, MAPK14, ODZ2, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBO1, RUNDC3B, S100A12,SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TTC6 (includes EG:115669),VWA3B and ZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have coronary artery disease andhave increased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, AK5, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), BMPR1B, CARD16,CNTN4, DMRT1, DNAH14, ERAP2, FREM2, GRM5, IL1B, IQGAP2, LIFR, MAN1C1,MBNL1, MCF2L, MECOM, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2, OLFM2, PDE1A, ROBO1, RORB, SNRPN,SPOCK3, SPON1, TRPM1, UNC84A and VWA3B.

In some embodiments, the patient may have Crohn's disease and haveincreased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ACSL1, AK5, APBA2, ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), CARDS,DIP2C, DNAH14, ERAP2, FBLN7, FREM2, GRM5, LHX2, LNPEP, MECOM, ODZ2,OPCML, PAPPA, PDE1A, PPP1R1C, ROBO1, SFXN1, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583),SLC26A8, SNRPN, SPON1, TGFB2, TLR5, VWA3B and ZNF438.

In some embodiments, the patient may have a neurodegenerative disorderand have increased or decreased expression relative to a control levelof expression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), CASP5, CNTN4, FAM124A, FOLH1,GABRB2, GRM5, IL1B, MECOM, NDST3, NOS3, OPCML, RFX2, SCN2A, SLC22A4(includes EG:6583), SLC2A3, SLC3A1, SPON1, TSHZ2 and ZNF608.

In some embodiments, the patient may have Alzheimer's disease and haveincreased or decreased expression relative to a control level ofexpression of a plurality of biomarkers selected from the groupconsisting of ASTN2 (includes EG:23245), CASP5, CNTN4, FAM124A, FOLH1,GABRB2, GRM5, IL1B, MECOM, NDST3, NOS3, OPCML, RFX2, SLC22A4 (includesEG:6583), SLC2A3, SLC3A1, SPON1, TSHZ2 and ZNF608.

6. Methods of Detecting Biomarkers Associated with TIA

Gene expression may be measured using any method known in the art. Oneof skill in the art will appreciate that the means of measuring geneexpression is not a critical aspect of the invention. The expressionlevels of the biomarkers can be detected at the transcriptional ortranslational (i.e., protein) level.

In some embodiments, the expression levels of the biomarkers aredetected at the transcriptional level. A variety of methods of specificDNA and RNA measurement using nucleic acid hybridization techniques areknown to those of skill in the art (see, Sambrook, supra and Ausubel,supra) and may be used to detect the expression of the genes set forthin Tables 1, 2, 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 7, 8 and/or 9. Some methods involve anelectrophoretic separation (e.g., Southern blot for detecting DNA,Northern blot for detecting RNA, RNAse protection assays), butmeasurement of DNA and RNA can also be carried out in the absence ofelectrophoretic separation (e.g., by dot blot). Southern blot of genomicDNA (e.g., from a human) can be used for screening for restrictionfragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to detect the presence of a geneticdisorder affecting a polypeptide of the invention. All forms of RNA canbe detected, including, e.g., message RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA),ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA).

The selection of a nucleic acid hybridization format is not critical. Avariety of nucleic acid hybridization formats are known to those skilledin the art. For example, common formats include sandwich assays andcompetition or displacement assays. Hybridization techniques aregenerally described in Hames and Higgins Nucleic Acid Hybridization, APractical Approach, IRL Press (1985); Gall and Pardue, Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. U.S.A., 63:378-383 (1969); and John et al. Nature, 223:582-587(1969).

Detection of a hybridization complex may require the binding of asignal-generating complex to a duplex of target and probepolynucleotides or nucleic acids. Typically, such binding occurs throughligand and anti-ligand interactions as between a ligand-conjugated probeand an anti-ligand conjugated with a signal. The binding of the signalgeneration complex is also readily amenable to accelerations by exposureto ultrasonic energy.

The label may also allow indirect detection of the hybridizationcomplex. For example, where the label is a hapten or antigen, the samplecan be detected by using antibodies. In these systems, a signal isgenerated by attaching fluorescent or enzyme molecules to the antibodiesor in some cases, by attachment to a radioactive label (see, e.g.,Tijssen, “Practice and Theory of Enzyme Immunoassays,” LaboratoryTechniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Burdon and vanKnippenberg Eds., Elsevier (1985), pp. 9-20).

The probes are typically labeled either directly, as with isotopes,chromophores, lumiphores, chromogens, or indirectly, such as withbiotin, to which a streptavidin complex may later bind. Thus, thedetectable labels used in the assays of the present invention can beprimary labels (where the label comprises an element that is detecteddirectly or that produces a directly detectable element) or secondarylabels (where the detected label binds to a primary label, e.g., as iscommon in immunological labeling). Typically, labeled signal nucleicacids are used to detect hybridization. Complementary nucleic acids orsignal nucleic acids may be labeled by any one of several methodstypically used to detect the presence of hybridized polynucleotides. Themost common method of detection is the use of autoradiography with ³H,¹²⁵I, ³⁵S, ¹⁴C, or ³²P-labeled probes or the like.

Other labels include, e.g., ligands that bind to labeled antibodies,fluorophores, chemiluminescent agents, enzymes, and antibodies which canserve as specific binding pair members for a labeled ligand. Anintroduction to labels, labeling procedures and detection of labels isfound in Polak and Van Noorden Introduction to Immunocytochemistry, 2nded., Springer Verlag, NY (1997); and in Haugland Handbook of FluorescentProbes and Research Chemicals, a combined handbook and cataloguePublished by Molecular Probes, Inc. (1996).

In general, a detector which monitors a particular probe or probecombination is used to detect the detection reagent label. Typicaldetectors include spectrophotometers, phototubes and photodiodes,microscopes, scintillation counters, cameras, film and the like, as wellas combinations thereof. Examples of suitable detectors are widelyavailable from a variety of commercial sources known to persons of skillin the art. Commonly, an optical image of a substrate comprising boundlabeling moieties is digitized for subsequent computer analysis.

Most typically, the amount of RNA is measured by quantifying the amountof label fixed to the solid support by binding of the detection reagent.Typically, the presence of a modulator during incubation will increaseor decrease the amount of label fixed to the solid support relative to acontrol incubation which does not comprise the modulator, or as comparedto a baseline established for a particular reaction type. Means ofdetecting and quantifying labels are well known to those of skill in theart.

In preferred embodiments, the target nucleic acid or the probe isimmobilized on a solid support. Solid supports suitable for use in theassays of the invention are known to those of skill in the art. As usedherein, a solid support is a matrix of material in a substantially fixedarrangement.

For example, in one embodiment of the invention, microarrays are used todetect the pattern of gene expression. Microarrays provide one methodfor the simultaneous measurement of the expression levels of largenumbers of genes. Each array consists of a reproducible pattern of aplurality of nucleic acids (e.g., a plurality of nucleic acids thathybridize to a plurality of the genes set forth in Tables 1, 2, 5A, 5B,5C, 5D, 7, 8 and/or 9) attached to a solid support. Labeled RNA or DNAis hybridized to complementary probes on the array and then detected bylaser scanning. Hybridization intensities for each probe on the arrayare determined and converted to a quantitative read-out of relative geneexpression levels in transient ischemic attacks.

In some embodiments, a sample is obtained from a subject, total mRNA isisolated from the sample and is converted to labeled cRNA and thenhybridized to an array. Relative transcript levels are calculated byreference to appropriate controls present on the array and in thesample. See, Mahadevappa and Warrington, Nat. Biotechnol. 17, 1134-1136(1999).

A variety of automated solid-phase assay techniques are alsoappropriate. For instance, very large scale immobilized polymer arrays(VLSIPS™), available from Affymetrix, Inc. (Santa Clara, Calif.) can beused to detect changes in expression levels of a plurality of genesinvolved in the same regulatory pathways simultaneously. See, Tijssen,supra., Fodor et al. (1991) Science, 251: 767-777; Sheldon et al. (1993)Clinical Chemistry 39(4): 718-719, and Kozal et al. (1996) NatureMedicine 2(7): 753-759. Integrated microfluidic systems and otherpoint-of-care diagnostic devices available in the art also find use.See, e.g., Liu and Mathies, Trends Biotechnol. (2009) 27(10):572-81 andTothill, Semin Cell Dev Biol (2009) 20(1):55-62. Microfluidics systemsfor use in detecting levels of expression of a plurality of nucleicacids are available, e.g., from NanoString Technologies, on the internetat nanostring.com.

Detection can be accomplished, for example, by using a labeled detectionmoiety that binds specifically to duplex nucleic acids (e.g., anantibody that is specific for RNA-DNA duplexes). One preferred exampleuses an antibody that recognizes DNA-RNA heteroduplexes in which theantibody is linked to an enzyme (typically by recombinant or covalentchemical bonding). The antibody is detected when the enzyme reacts withits substrate, producing a detectable product. Coutlee et al. (1989)Analytical Biochemistry 181:153-162; Bogulayski (1986) et al. J.Immunol. Methods 89:123-130; Prooijen-Knegt (1982) Exp. Cell Res.141:397-407; Rudkin (1976) Nature 265:472-473, Stollar (1970) Proc.Nat'l Acad. Sci. USA 65:993-1000; Ballard (1982) Mol. Immunol.19:793-799; Pisetsky and Caster (1982) Mol. Immunol. 19:645-650; Viscidiet al. (1988) J. Clin. Microbial. 41:199-209; and Kiney et al. (1989) J.Clin. Microbiol. 27:6-12 describe antibodies to RNA duplexes, includinghomo and heteroduplexes. Kits comprising antibodies specific for DNA:RNAhybrids are available, e.g., from Digene Diagnostics, Inc. (Beltsville,Md.).

In addition to available antibodies, one of skill in the art can easilymake antibodies specific for nucleic acid duplexes using existingtechniques, or modify those antibodies that are commercially or publiclyavailable. In addition to the art referenced above, general methods forproducing polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are known to those ofskill in the art (see, e.g., Paul (3rd ed.) Fundamental Immunology RavenPress, Ltd., NY (1993); Coligan, et al., Current Protocols inImmunology, Wiley Interscience (1991-2008); Harlow and Lane, Antibodies:A Laboratory Manual Cold Spring Harbor Press, NY (1988); Harlow andLane, Using Antibodies, Cold Spring Harbor Press, NY (1999); Stites etal. (eds.) Basic and Clinical Immunology (4th ed.) Lange MedicalPublications, Los Altos, Calif., and references cited therein; GodingMonoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice (2d ed.) Academic Press,New York, N.Y., (1986); and Kohler and Milstein Nature 256: 495-497(1975)). Other suitable techniques for antibody preparation includeselection of libraries of recombinant antibodies in phage or similarvectors (see, Huse et al. Science 246:1275-1281 (1989); and Ward et al.Nature 341:544-546 (1989)). Specific monoclonal and polyclonalantibodies and antisera will usually bind with a K_(D) of at least about0.1 μM, preferably at least about 0.01 μM or better, and most typicallyand preferably, 0.001 μM or better.

The nucleic acids used in this invention can be either positive ornegative probes. Positive probes bind to their targets and the presenceof duplex formation is evidence of the presence of the target. Negativeprobes fail to bind to the suspect target and the absence of duplexformation is evidence of the presence of the target. For example, theuse of a wild type specific nucleic acid probe or PCR primers may serveas a negative probe in an assay sample where only the nucleotidesequence of interest is present.

The sensitivity of the hybridization assays may be enhanced through useof a nucleic acid amplification system that multiplies the targetnucleic acid being detected. Examples of such systems include thepolymerase chain reaction (PCR) system, in particular RT-PCR, multiplexPCR, quantitative PCR or real time PCR, and the ligase chain reaction(LCR) system. Other methods recently described in the art are thenucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA, Cangene, Mississauga,Ontario) and Q Beta Replicase systems. These systems can be used todirectly identify mutants where the PCR or LCR primers are designed tobe extended or ligated only when a selected sequence is present.Alternatively, the selected sequences can be generally amplified using,for example, nonspecific PCR primers and the amplified target regionlater probed for a specific sequence indicative of a mutation. Highthroughput multiplex nucleic acid sequencing or “deep sequencing” todetect captured expressed biomarker genes also finds use. Highthroughput sequencing techniques are known in the art (e.g., 454Sequencing on the internet at 454.com).

An alternative means for determining the level of expression of thenucleic acids of the present invention is in situ hybridization. In situhybridization assays are well known and are generally described inAngerer et al., Methods Enzymol. 152:649-660 (1987). In an in situhybridization assay, cells, preferentially human cells, e.g., bloodcells, are fixed to a solid support, typically a glass slide. If DNA isto be probed, the cells are denatured with heat or alkali. The cells arethen contacted with a hybridization solution at a moderate temperatureto permit annealing of specific probes that are labeled. The probes arepreferably labeled with radioisotopes or fluorescent reporters.

In other embodiments, quantitative RT-PCR is used to detect theexpression of a plurality of the genes set forth in Tables 1, 2, 5A, 5B,5C, 5D, 7, 8 and/or 9. A general overview of the applicable technologycan be found, for example, in A-Z of Quantitative PCR, Bustin, ed.,2004, International University Line; Quantitative PCR Protocols,Kochanowski and Reischl, eds., 1999, Humana Press; Clinical Applicationsof PCR, Lo, ed., 2006, Humana Press; PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methodsand Applications (Innis et al. eds. (1990)) and PCR Technology:Principles and Applications for DNA Amplification (Erlich, ed. (1992)).In addition, amplification technology is described in U.S. Pat. Nos.4,683,195 and 4,683,202. Methods for multiplex PCR, known in the art,are applicable to the present invention.

Accordingly, in one embodiment of the invention provides a reactionmixture comprising a plurality of polynucleotides which specificallyhybridize (e.g., primers) to a plurality of nucleic acid sequences ofthe genes set forth in Tables 1, 2, 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 7, 8 and/or 9. Insome embodiments, the reaction mixture is a PCR mixture, for example, amultiplex PCR mixture.

This invention relies on routine techniques in the field of recombinantgenetics. Generally, the nomenclature and the laboratory procedures inrecombinant DNA technology described below are those well known andcommonly employed in the art. Standard techniques are used for cloning,DNA and RNA isolation, amplification and purification. Generallyenzymatic reactions involving DNA ligase, DNA polymerase, restrictionendonucleases and the like are performed according to the manufacturer'sspecifications. Basic texts disclosing the general methods of use inthis invention include Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, A LaboratoryManual (3rd ed. 2001); Kriegler, Gene Transfer and Expression: ALaboratory Manual (1990); and Current Protocols in Molecular Biology(Ausubel et al., eds., 1994-2008, Wiley Interscience)).

For nucleic acids, sizes are given in either kilobases (kb) or basepairs (bp). These are estimates derived from agarose or acrylamide gelelectrophoresis, from sequenced nucleic acids, or from published DNAsequences. For proteins, sizes are given in kilodaltons (kDa) or aminoacid residue numbers. Proteins sizes are estimated from gelelectrophoresis, from sequenced proteins, from derived amino acidsequences, or from published protein sequences.

Oligonucleotides that are not commercially available can be chemicallysynthesized according to the solid phase phosphoramidite triester methodfirst described by Beaucage & Caruthers, Tetrahedron Letts. 22:1859-1862(1981), using an automated synthesizer, as described in Van Devanter et.al., Nucleic Acids Res. 12:6159-6168 (1984). Purification ofoligonucleotides is by either native acrylamide gel electrophoresis orby anion-exchange HPLC as described in Pearson & Reanier, J. Chrom.255:137-149 (1983).

In some embodiments, the expression level of the biomarkers describedherein are detected at the translational or protein level. Detection ofproteins is well known in the art, and methods for protein detectionknown in the art find use. Exemplary assays for determining theexpression levels of a plurality of proteins include, e.g., ELISA, flowcytometry, mass spectrometry (e.g., MALDI or SELDI), surface plasmonresonance (e.g., BiaCore), microfluidics and other biosensortechnologies. See, e.g., Tothill, Semin Cell Dev Biol (2009)20(1):55-62.

7. TIA Reference Profiles

The invention also provides ischemia reference profiles. The TIAreference profiles comprise information correlating the expressionlevels of a plurality of TIA-associated genes (i.e., a plurality of thegenes set forth in Tables 1, 2, 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 7, 8 and/or 9) to theoccurrence or risk of TIA. The profiles can conveniently be used todiagnose, monitor and prognose ischemia.

The reference profiles can be entered into a database, e.g., arelational database comprising data fitted into predefined categories.Each table, or relation, contains one or more data categories incolumns. Each row contains a unique instance of data for the categoriesdefined by the columns. For example, a typical database for theinvention would include a table that describes a sample with columns forage, gender, reproductive status, expression profile and so forth.Another table would describe a disease: symptoms, level, sampleidentification, expression profile and so forth. In one embodiment, theinvention matches the experimental sample to a database of referencesamples. The database is assembled with a plurality of different samplesto be used as reference samples. An individual reference sample in oneembodiment will be obtained from a patient during a visit to a medicalprofessional. Information about the physiological, disease and/orpharmacological status of the sample will also be obtained through anymethod available. This may include, but is not limited to, expressionprofile analysis, clinical analysis, medical history and/or patientinterview. For example, the patient could be interviewed to determineage, sex, ethnic origin, symptoms or past diagnosis of disease, and theidentity of any therapies the patient is currently undergoing. Aplurality of these reference samples will be taken. A single individualmay contribute a single reference sample or more than one sample overtime. One skilled in the art will recognize that confidence levels inpredictions based on comparison to a database increase as the number ofreference samples in the database increases.

The database is organized into groups of reference samples. Eachreference sample contains information about physiological,pharmacological and/or disease status. In one aspect the database is arelational database with data organized in three data tables, one wherethe samples are grouped primarily by physiological status, one where thesamples are grouped primarily by disease status and one where thesamples are grouped primarily by pharmacological status. Within eachtable the samples can be further grouped according to the two remainingcategories. For example the physiological status table could be furthercategorized according to disease and pharmacological status.

As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the present inventionmay be embodied as a method, data processing system or program products.Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of data analysissystems, methods, analysis software, etc. Software written according tothe present invention is to be stored in some form of computer readablemedium, such as memory, hard-drive, DVD ROM or CD ROM, or transmittedover a network, and executed by a processor. The present invention alsoprovides a computer system for analyzing physiological states, levels ofdisease states and/or therapeutic efficacy. The computer systemcomprises a processor, and memory coupled to said processor whichencodes one or more programs. The programs encoded in memory cause theprocessor to perform the steps of the above methods wherein theexpression profiles and information about physiological, pharmacologicaland disease states are received by the computer system as input.Computer systems may be used to execute the software of an embodiment ofthe invention (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,733,729).

8. Providing Appropriate Treatment and Prevention Regimes to Patient

In some embodiments, the methods further comprise the step ofprescribing and providing appropriate treatment and/or preventionregimes to a patient diagnosed as having TIA or at risk of theoccurrence of TIA or stroke. For example, medications and life-styleadjustments (e.g., diet, exercise, stress) to minimize risk factors canbe recommended, including reducing blood pressure and cholesterollevels, and controlling diabetes.

In additions, several medications to decrease the likelihood of a strokeafter a transient ischemic attack. The medication selected will dependon the location, cause, severity and type of TIA, if TIA has occurred.

In some embodiments, the patient may be prescribed a regime of ananti-platelet drug. The most frequently used anti-platelet medication isaspirin. An alternative to aspirin is the anti-platelet drug clopidogrel(Plavix). Some studies indicate that aspirin is most effective incombination with another anti-platelet drug. In some embodiments, thepatient is prescribed a combination of low-dose aspirin and theanti-platelet drug dipyridamole (Aggrenox), to reduce blood clotting.Ticlopidine (Ticlid) is another anti-platelet medication that finds useto prevent or reduce the risk of stroke in patients who have experiencedTIA.

In some embodiments, the patient may be prescribed a regime of ananticoagulant. Exemplary anticoagulants include aspirin, heparin,warfarin, and dabigatran.

Patients having a moderately or severely narrowed neck (carotid) artery,may require or benefit from carotid endarterectomy. This preventivesurgery clears carotid arteries of fatty deposits (atheroscleroticplaques) before another TIA or stroke can occur. In some embodiments,the patient may require or benefit from carotid angioplasty, orstenting. Carotid angioplasty involves using a balloon-like device toopen a clogged artery and placing a small wire tube (stent) into theartery to keep it open.

9. Solid Supports and Kits

The invention further provides a solid supports comprising a pluralityof nucleic acid probes that hybridize to a plurality (e.g., two or more,or all) of the genes set forth in Tables 1, 2, 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 7, 8and/or 9, and optionally Table 3. For example, the solid support can bea microarray attached to a plurality of nucleic acid probes thathybridize to a plurality (e.g., two or more, or all) of the genes setforth in Table 1, and optionally Table 3. In various embodiments, thesolid support can be a microarray attached to a plurality of nucleicacid probes that hybridize to a plurality (e.g., two or more, or all) ofthe genes set forth in Tables 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D, and optionally Table3. In various embodiments, the solid support can be a microarrayattached to a plurality of nucleic acid probes that hybridize to aplurality (e.g., two or more, or all) of the genes set forth in Table 7,and optionally Table 3. In various, the solid support can be amicroarray attached to a plurality of nucleic acid probes that hybridizeto a plurality (e.g., two or more, or all) of the genes set forth inTable 8, and optionally Table 3. In various, the solid support can be amicroarray attached to a plurality of nucleic acid probes that hybridizeto a plurality (e.g., two or more, or all) of the genes set forth inTable 9, and optionally Table 3.

In various embodiments, the solid supports are configured to excludegenes not associated with or useful to the diagnosis, prediction orconfirmation of a stroke or the causes of stroke. For example, geneswhich are overexpressed or underexpressed less than 1.5-fold in subjectshaving or suspected of having TIA, in comparison to a control level ofexpression can be excluded from the present solid supports. In someembodiments, genes that are overexpressed or underexpressed less than1.2-fold in subjects with ischemic stroke, including cardioembolicstroke, atherothrombotic stroke, and stroke subsequent to atrialfibrillation, in comparison to a control level of expression can beexcluded from the present solid supports. The solid support can comprisea plurality of nucleic acid probes that hybridize to a plurality (e.g.,two or more, or all) of the genes useful for the diagnosis of ischemicstroke, cardioembolic stroke, carotid stenosis, and/or atrialfibrillation, as described herein. As appropriate, nucleic acid probesthat hybridize to a plurality (e.g., two or more, or all) of the genesuseful for the diagnosis of ischemic stroke, cardioembolic stroke,carotid stenosis, and/or atrial fibrillation can be arranged in apredetermined array on the solid support. In various embodiments,nucleic acids not specifically identified and/or not relating to thediagnosis of and/or not associated with the diagnosis of TIA are notattached to the solid support. In various embodiments, nucleic acids notspecifically identified and/or not relating to the diagnosis of and/ornot associated with the diagnosis of ischemic stroke, cardioembolicstroke, carotid stenosis, and/or atrial fibrillation are not attached tothe solid support. The solid support may be a component in a kit.

The invention also provides kits for diagnosing TIA or a predispositionfor developing TIA. For example, the invention provides kits thatinclude one or more reaction vessels that have aliquots of some or allof the reaction components of the invention in them. Aliquots can be inliquid or dried form. Reaction vessels can include sample processingcartridges or other vessels that allow for the containment, processingand/or amplification of samples in the same vessel. The kits cancomprise a plurality of nucleic acid probes that hybridize to aplurality the genes set forth in Tables 1, 2, 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 7, 8and/or 9. The probes may be immobilized on a microarray as describedherein.

In addition, the kit can comprise appropriate buffers, salts and otherreagents to facilitate amplification and/or detection reactions (e.g.,primers, labels) for determining the expression levels of a plurality ofthe biomarkers set forth in Tables 1, 2, 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 7, 8 and/or 9.The kits can also include written instructions for the use of the kit.

In one embodiment, the kits comprise a plurality of antibodies that bindto a plurality of the biomarkers set forth in Tables 1, 2, 5A, 5B, 5C,5D, 7, 8 and/or 9. The antibodies may or may not be immobilized on asolid support, e.g., an ELISA plate.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are offered to illustrate, but not to limit theclaimed invention.

Example 1 Materials and Methods Subjects

TIA and control patients were recruited from the University ofCalifornia Davis Medical Center, University of California San FranciscoMedical Center and Wake Forest University Health Sciences. InstitutionalReview Boards at each institution approved the study, and writteninformed consent was obtained from all patients.

A total of 27 control patients were compared to 24 TIA patients studiedwithin 3 to 69 hours (average=29.2 hours) of symptoms onset. Thediagnosis of TIA was made by two independent board certifiedneurologists with access to all clinical data. TIA was defined as anacute loss of focal cerebral or ocular function lasting <12 hours with apresumed ischemic etiology. To be recruited into the study TIA patientswere required to have an ABCD² score≧4 to further support the diagnosisof TIA. This ensured that TIA patients at higher risk for recurrentvascular events were studied (4, 19). The controls were recruited fromthe spouses or family members of TIA patients or people from thecommunity. They were subjects free of vascular events such as TIA,ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, orvenous thromboembolism. Control subjects with hypertension and/ordiabetes were also excluded in order to reduce the possibility ofcontrols having silent TIA or other vascular events. Hypertension anddiabetes both increase the probability of TIA, as shown by the ABCD²score (4, 20).

RNA Isolation

A venous blood sample was collected into PAXgene vacutainers(PreAnalytiX, Hilden, Germany). Total RNA was isolated according to themanufacturer's protocol.

Microarray Hybridization

Biotin-labeled cDNA was synthesized from 50 ng of total RNA using theOvation Whole Blood Solution (Nugen) kit according to protocol. Each RNAsample was processed on Affymetrix Human Genome HG-U133-Plus-2.0microarrays as previously described (18).

Statistical Analysis

Microarray probeset-level data were log transformed and normalized usingRobust Multichip Average (RMA). Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) wasconducted in Partek Genomics Suite 6.5 (Partek Inc., St. Louis, Mich.,USA) to identify genes/probes significantly different between TIA andcontrol subjects with adjustment for microarray batch effect and age.Genes/probes were considered significant with a p-value≦0.05 afterBenjamini-Hochberg multiple-comparison correction, and an absolute foldchange>1.5. To exclude genes associated with hypertension, a secondcomparison was performed for 33 controls with hypertension to controlswithout hypertension. The Identified “hypertension” genes thatoverlapped with the TIA gene lists were excluded from further analysis.

All data are presented as mean±SE. Differences in demographic databetween groups were analyzed using Chi-square test or t-test asappropriate. Prediction analysis was performed using 10-foldleave-one-out cross-validation in Prediction Analysis of Microarrays(PAM). Functional and pathway analyses were performed using IngenuityPathways Analysis (IPA).

Results Subjects

The demographic information for TIA and control subjects showed that agewas significantly different between TIA and controls (Table 4). Thus,age was adjusted for in the ANCOVA model.

TABLE 4 Demographic summary of Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) patientsand control subjects Controls TIA (n = 27) (n = 24) p value Age (yrs ±SE) 55.7 ± 0.8 70.2 ± 2.5 <0.001 Gender Female: n (%) 19 (70.4) 14(58.3) 0.39 Race Caucasian: n (%) 18 (66.6) 16 (66.6) 1.00Non-Caucasian: n (%)  9 (33.3)  8 (33.3) 1.00

TIA Genomic Profiles

A total of 460 genes were differentially expressed between TIA patientsand controls (FDR≦0.05; fold change≧1.5) (Tables 5A-D). 135 genes weredown-regulated (Table 2 and Table 5A) and 325 were up-regulated (Table 1and Table 5B) in TIA compared to controls. A Hierarchical clusteranalysis of the 460 genes showed that they separated TIAs from controls(FIG. 1) except that two TIA patients (ID numbers: 57 and 90) clusteredin the control group, and three control patients (ID numbers: 42, 68 and74) clustered in the TIA group (FIG. 1). The hierarchical clusteranalysis also suggested the presence of two distinct TIA groups. Most ofthe up-regulated genes in the TIAL group separated it from the TIA2group and from controls (FIG. 1).

Prediction Analysis

Cross-correlation performed with PAM using the 34 (Table 5C) out of 460TIA associated genes distinguished TIA patients from controls with 87.5%sensitivity (21 out of 24 TIAs correctly classified) and 96.3%specificity (26 out of 27 controls correctly classified) (FIG. 2).

TIA Specific Up-regulated Genes

The 325 up-regulated genes that distinguished TIA1 from TIA2 patientswere input into PAM to derive the minimum number (n=26) of genes thatdifferentiated the two groups. The 26 genes (Table 5D) distinguishedTIA1 from TIA2 patients with 100% sensitivity and specificity (FIG. 3).No clinical factors were identified that were significantly differentbetween TIA1 and TIA2 including age, time after TIA, hypertension,diabetes, ABCD² score (Table 6) and medications. Notably,Metalloproteinase 16 and Metalloproteinase 26 were up-regulated in theTIA1 group but not in the TIA2 group (FIG. 4).

TABLE 6 Demographic Summary of TIA subgroups TIA1 (n = 12) TIA2 (n = 12)P value Age (yrs ± SE) 64.8 ± 3.7 63.7 ± 8.8 0.91 Gender Female (%) 5(42) 5 (42) 1.00 Race Caucasian n (%) 7 (58) 9 (75) 0.18 Non-Caucasian n(%) 5 (42) 3 (25) 0.18 Vascular risk factor Hypertension n (%) 10 (83) 10 (83)  1.00 Diabetes n (%) 4 (33) 4 (33) 1.00 Hyperlipidemia n (%) 6(50) 7 (58) 0.56 Smoke n (%) 6 (50) 4 (33) 0.22 Hours since TIA (±SE)28.7 ± 4.4 29.7 ± 4.3 0.87 History of stroke n (%) 3 (25) 4 (33) 0.54CVD n (%) 3 (25) 4 (33) 0.54 AF n (%) 1 (8)  2 (16) 0.43 LVD n (%) 1(8)  2 (16) 0.43 ABCD² score (±SE)  5.42 ± 0.29  5.25 ± 0.28 0.68 CVD:Cardiovascular Disorder; AF: Atrial Fibrillation; LVD: Large VesselDisease. There was no any significant difference among two groupsanalyzed using t-test or Chi-square test. The factors contributed to thedifferences in RNA expression between TIA1 and TIA2 remained unclear.

Function Analysis of TIA Specific Genes

Functional analysis of the TIA specific genes (460 genes derived fromTIA vs control) using IPA demonstrated that they were significantlyassociated with immune functions. Amongst the TIA specific genes, anumber have been associated with autoimmune disease, diabetes,arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, coronary arterydisease and Crohn's disease (Table 7). The significantly regulated genesfor the TIAL group compared to the TIA2 group (FDR≦0.05; foldchange≧1.5) are shown in Table 8 along with the most significantpathways (Table 9; see discussion below).

TABLE 7 TIA specific gene-functions Category Function p-value MoleculesGenetic genetic 2.29E−03 ACSL1, ADAM30, ADAMDEC1, ADH1B, AK5, ALPL,ALS2CR11, ANXA3, APBA2, ASTN2 (includes Disorder disorder EG: 23245),BCL6, BMPR1B, CACNA1I, CARD8, CARD16, CASP5, CAV1, CCND3, CCRL1, CHIT1,CLTC, CNTLN, CNTN4, COL1A1, COL1A2, DIP2C, DMRT1, DNAH14, EDAR, ELAVL2,EPHA3, EPHX2, ERAP2, FAM124A, FAM13A, FAM149A, FAT1, FBLN7, FOLH1,FOXA2, FOXC1, FREM2, GABRB2, GIGYF2, GNAO1, GRM5, GSTM1, GYPA, HESX1,HOXC6, IGFBP5, IL1B, IQGAP2, ITGBL1, LAMB4, LHX2, LIFR, LNPEP, LRP2,LTBR, MAN1C1, MBNL1, MCF2L, MECOM, MLL, NBPF10, NDST3, NELL2, NOS3, NTM,ODZ2, OLFM2, OPCML, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, PLSCR1, PPP1R1C, RFX2, ROBO1,RORB, S100A12, SCN2A, SFXN1, SHOX, SIX3, SLC22A4 (includes EG: 6583),SLC26A8, SLC2A3, SLC3A1, SMURF2, SNRPN, SOX9, SPOCK3, SPON1, SRGAP1,TFAP2B, TGFB2, TLR5, TRPM1, TSHZ2, TTC6 (includes EG: 115669), TWIST1,UNC5B, UNC84A, VWA3B, ZNF438, ZNF608 Neurological neurological 1.99E−02ACSL1, ADH1B, AK5, ANXA3, APBA2, ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245), BCL6,BMPR1B, CASP5, CAV1, Disease disorder CNTN4, DIP2C, ELAVL2, EPHX2,ERAP2, FAM124A, FAM13A, FAM149A, FAT1, FOLH1, FOXC1, GABRB2, GIGYF2,GNAO1, GRM5, GSTM1, HESX1, HOXC6, IGFBP5, IL1B, IQGAP2, ITGBL1, LAMB4,LIFR, LTBR, MECOM, NBPF10, NDST3, NELL2, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2, OLFM2, OPCML,PDE1A, RFX2, ROBO1, S100A12, SCN2A, SLC22A4 (includes EG: 6583), SLC2A3,SLC3A1, SOX9, SPOCK3, SPON1, TGFB2, TLR5, TNFRSF21, TRPM1, TSHZ2, TTC6(includes EG: 115669), UNC5B, UNC84A, ZNF608 Inflam- inflam- 8.17E−06ACSL1, ADM, AK5, ANXA3, APBA2, ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245), BCL6, CARD8,CASP5, CAV1, matory matory CCND3, CCRL1, CLTC, CNTN4, DIP2C, DNAH14,EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2, ERAP2, FAM124A, Disease disorder FBLN7, FOSB, FREM2,GABRB2, GRM5, IL1B, KCNJ15, LAMB4, LHX2, LNPEP, LRP2, LTBR, LUM, MAPK14,MECOM, MYBPC1, NOS3, ODZ2, OPCML, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, PPP1R1C, ROBO1,RUNDC3B, S100A12, SCN2A, SFXN1, SLC22A4 (includes EG: 6583), SLC26A8,SMURF2, SNRPN, SPON1, TGFB2, TLR5, TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TTC6 (includes EG:115669), TWIST1, UNC5B, VWA3B, ZNF438 Skeletal and skeletal and 2.32E−03ACSL1, ADM, AK5, ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245), BCL6, BMPR1B, CARD8, CASP5,CCND3, CLTC, Muscular muscular CNTN4, COL1A1, COL1A2, DIP2C, DNAH14,EDAR, ELAVL2, EPHA3, EPHX2, FAM124A, FOSB, Disorders disorder GABRB2,GIGYF2, GNAO1, HOXC6, IL1B, KCNJ15, LAMB4, LIFR, LTBR, LUM, MAPK14,MYBPC1, NOS3, ODZ2, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBO1, RUNDC3B, S100A12, SCN2A,SHOX, SLC22A4 (includes EG: 6583), SOX9, SPOCK3, TLR5, TNFRSF21, TNPO1,TSHZ2, TTC6 (includes EG: 115669), TWIST1, UNC5B, VWA3B, ZNF438 Cardio-cardio- 3.05E−05 ACSL1, ADM, AK5, ALPL, ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245),BCL6, BMPR1B, C18ORF54, CACNA1I, vascular vascular CARD16, CAV1, CNTN4,DMRT1, DNAH14, EDAR, EPHX2, ERAP2, FAM13A, FOLH1, FOSB, Disease disorderFREM2, GABRB2, GRM5, GSTM1, IL1B, IQGAP2, LIFR, LTBR, MAN1C1, MAPK14,MBNL1, MCF2L, MECOM, MYBPC1, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2, OLFM2, OPCML, PAPPA,PDE1A, ROBO1, RORB, S100A12, SMURF2, SNRPN, SOX9, SPOCK3, SPON1, TFPI,TRPM1, UNC84A, VWA3B Immuno- immuno- 2.11E−04 ACSL1, ADM, AK5, ANXA3,ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245), BCL6, CARD8, CASP5, CCND3, CCRL1, logicallogical CLTC, CNTN4, COL1A2, DIP2C, DNAH14, EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2, FAM124A,FAT1, FOSB, Disease disorder GABRB2, GOLGA6L2, GSTM1, GUSBL2, IL1B,IQGAP2, KCNJ15, LAMB4, LTBR, MAPK14, MYBPC1, NELL2, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2,OPCML, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBO1, RUNDC3B, S100A12, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), SNRPN, SPON1, TLR5, TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TSHZ2, TTC6 (includes EG:115669), VWA3B, ZNF438 Metabolic metabolic 1.03E−02 ACSL1, ADAM30, AK5,ALPL, ALS2CR11, ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245), BCL6, CARD8, CASP5, Diseasedisorder CCRL1, CNTLN, CNTN4, COL1A2, DIP2C, DMRT1, DNAH14, EPHA3,EPHX2, FAT1, FOXA2, GABRB2, GUSBL2, IGFBP5, IL1B, IQGAP2, ITGBL1, LRP2,LTBR, MAPK14, MBNL1, NELL2, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2, OPCML, PAPPA, PLSCR1,ROBO1, SLC22A4 (includes EG: 6583), SLC2A3, SLC3A1, SMURF2, SNRPN,SPON1, SRGAP1, TLR5, TSHZ2, UNC84A, VWA3B Endocrine endocrine 3.00E−03ACSL1, ADAM30, AK5, ALPL, ALS2CR11, ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245), BCL6,CARD8, CASP5, System system CCRL1, CNTLN, CNTN4, COL1A2, DIP2C, DMRT1,DNAH14, EPHA3, FAT1, FOXA2, GABRB2, Disorders disorder GUSBL2, IL1B,IQGAP2, ITGBL1, LRP2, LTBR, MAPK14, MBNL1, NELL2, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2,OPCML, PAPPA, PLSCR1, ROBO1, SHOX, SLC22A4 (includes EG: 6583), SLC2A3,SMURF2, SNRPN, SPON1, SRGAP1, TLR5, TSHZ2, UNC84A, VWA3B Immuno-autoimmune 3.60E−04 ACSL1, ADM, AK5, ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245), BCL6,CARD8, CASP5, CCND3, CLTC, CNTN4, logical disease COL1A2, DIP2C, DNAH14,EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2, FAM124A, FOSB, GABRB2, GUSBL2, IL1B, Disease IQGAP2,KCNJ15, LAMB4, LTBR, MAPK14, MYBPC1, NELL2, ODZ2, OPCML, OSM, PAPPA,PDE1A, ROBO1, RUNDC3B, S100A12, SLC22A4 (includes EG: 6583), SNRPN,SPON1, TLR5, TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TSHZ2, TTC6 (includes EG: 115669), VWA3B,ZNF438 Endocrine diabetes 2.09E−03 ACSL1, ADAM30, AK5, ALPL, ALS2CR11,ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245), BCL6, CARD8, CASP5, System CCRL1, CNTLN,CNTN4, COL1A2, DIP2C, DMRT1, DNAH14, EPHA3, FAT1, FOXA2, GABRB2,Disorders GUSBL2, IL1B, IQGAP2, ITGBL1, LTBR, MAPK14, MBNL1, NELL2,NOS3, NTM, ODZ2, OPCML, PAPPA, PLSCR1, ROBO1, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), SLC2A3, SMURF2, SNRPN, SPON1, SRGAP1, TLR5, TSHZ2, UNC84A, VWA3BConnective connective 2.72E−04 ACSL1, ADM, ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245),BCL6, CARD8, CASP5, CCND3, CLTC, CNTN4, COL1A1, Tissue tissue COL1A2,DIP2C, DNAH14, EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2, FAM124A, FOSB, GABRB2, IL1B, KCNJ15,Disorders disorder LAMB4, LTBR, LUM, MAPK14, ODZ2, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A,ROBO1, RUNDC3B, S100A12, SHOX, SLC22A4 (includes EG: 6583), TLR5,TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TTC6 (includes EG: 115669), VWA3B, ZNF438 Cell Deathapoptosis 1.65E−02 ADM, AIM2, BCL6, BMPR1B, CARD8, CASP5, CAV1, CCND3,EDAR, FOSB, FOXA2, FUS, GALNT5, GNAO1, GRM5, HOXC6, IGFBP5, IL1B,IQGAP2, LTBR, MAPK14, MCF2L, MECOM, MLL, NOS3, OSM, PIWIL1, PLSCR1,POU2AF1, SCN2A, SHOX, SLC2A3, SOX9, TFAP2B, TGFB2, TNFRSF21, TWIST1,UNC5B Gene transcription 4.26E−04 BCL6, BMPR1B, CAV1, CCND3, EHF,ELAVL2, FOSB, FOXA2, FOXC1, FUS, GRM5, HELLS, Expression HOXC6, IL1B,LTBR, MAPK14, MECOM, MED6, MEG3 (includes EG: 55384), MLL, NR2F2, OSM,OVOL2, POU2AF1, RBM14, RORB, SHOX, SHOX2, SIX3, SLC3A1, SMURF2, SOX8,SOX9, SOX11, TFAP2B, TGFB2, TWIST1, ZNF462 Inflam- rheumatic 8.49E−04ACSL1, ADM, ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245), BCL6, CARD8, CASP5, CCND3, CLTC,CNTN4, DIP2C, matory disease DNAH14, EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2, FAM124A, FOSB,GABRB2, IL1B, KCNJ15, LAMB4, LTBR, LUM, Disease MAPK14, ODZ2, OSM,PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBO1, RUNDC3B, S100A12, SLC22A4 (includes EG: 6583),TLR5, TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TTC6 (includes EG: 115669), VWA3B, ZNF438 Inflam-arthritis 7.29E−04 ACSL1, ADM, ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245), BCL6, CARD8,CASP5, CCND3, CLTC, CNTN4, DIP2C, matory DNAH14, EDAR, EPHA3, EPHX2,FAM124A, FOSB, GABRB2, IL1B, KCNJ15, LAMB4, LTBR, LUM, Disease MAPK14,ODZ2, OSM, PAPPA, PDE1A, ROBO1, RUNDC3B, S100A12, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TTC6 (includes EG: 115669), VWA3B, ZNF438Cellular proliferation 5.91E−03 ADM, AIM2, BCL6, BMPR1B, CAV1, CCND3,CLTC, COL1A1, DLX6, DPPA4, FOSB, FOXA2, FUS, Growth GRM5, GSTM1, HOXC6,IGFBP5, IL1B, LIFR, MAPK14, MECOM, MEG3 (includes EG: 55384), MLL, and-NOS3, OSM, PAPPA, PIWIL1, PLSCR1, SHOX2, SOX9, TFPI, TGFB2, TLR5,TNFRSF21 Prolifer- ation Cardio- athero- 1.22E−04 ACSL1, AK5, ASTN2(includes EG: 23245), BMPR1B, CARD16, CNTN4, DMRT1, DNAH14, ERAP2,vascular sclerosis FOSB, FREM2, GRM5, IL1B, IQGAP2, LIFR, MAN1C1, MBNL1,MCF2L, MECOM, NOS3, NTM, Disease ODZ2, OLFM2, PDE1A, ROBO1, RORB, SNRPN,SPOCK3, SPON1, TRPM1, UNC84A, VWA3B Inflam- inflam 5.07E−05 ACSL1, AK5,APBA2, ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245), CARD8, DIP2C, DNAH14, ERAP2, FBLN7,matory matory FREM2, GRM5, IL1B, LHX2, LNPEP, LTBR, MECOM, NOS3, ODZ2,OPCML, PAPPA, PDE1A, Disease bowel PPP1R1C, ROBO1, SFXN1, SLC22A4(includes EG: 6583), SLC26A8, SNRPN, SPON1, TGFB2, disease TLR5, VWA3B,ZNF438 Endocrine non-insulin- 4.48E−04 ADAM30, AK5, ALPL, ALS2CR11,ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245), CARD8, CCRL1, CNTLN, CNTN4, System dependentCOL1A2, DIP2C, DMRT1, EPHA3, FAT1, FOXA2, GABRB2, IL1B, IQGAP2, ITGBL1,MBNL1, NOS3, Disorders diabetes NTM, ODZ2, PLSCR1, ROBO1, SLC22A4(includes EG: 6583), SLC2A3, SPON1, SRGAP1, TLR5, mellitus UNC84A, VWA3BInflam- rheumatoid 1.54E−03 ACSL1, ADM, ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245),BCL6, CARD8, CLTC, CNTN4, DIP2C, DNAH14, EDAR, matory arthritis EPHA3,EPHX2, FAM124A, FOSB, GABRB2, IL1B, KCNJ15, LAMB4, MAPK14, ODZ2, OSM,PAPPA, Disease PDE1A, ROBO1, RUNDC3B, S100A12, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), TNFRSF21, TNPO1, TTC6 (includes EG: 115669), VWA3B, ZNF438Cardio- coronary 6.94E−05 ACSL1, AK5, ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245),BMPR1B, CARD16, CNTN4, DMRT1, DNAH14, ERAP2, vascular artery FREM2,GRM5, IL1B, IQGAP2, LIFR, MAN1C1, MBNL1, MCF2L, MECOM, NOS3, NTM, ODZ2,Disease disease OLFM2, PDE1A, ROBO1, RORB, SNRPN, SPOCK3, SPON1, TRPM1,UNC84A, VWA3B Cell Death cell death 7.84E−03 ADM, AIM2, BCL6, CARD8,CAV1, CCND3, DPPA4, FOSB, FOXA2, FUS, GALNT5, GNAO1, GSTM1, HOXC6,IGFBP5, IL1B, LTBR, MAPK14, MLL, NOS3, PIWIL1, PLSCR1, SHOX, SOX9,TFAP2B, TGFB2, TNFRSF21, TWIST1, UNC5B Inflam- Crohn's 2.08E−04 ACSL1,AK5, APBA2, ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245), CARD8, DIP2C, DNAH14, ERAP2,FBLN7, matory disease FREM2, GRM5, LHX2, LNPEP, MECOM, ODZ2, OPCML,PAPPA, PDE1A, PPP1R1C, ROBO1, Disease SFXN1, SLC22A4 (includes EG:6583), SLC26A8, SNRPN, SPON1, TGFB2, TLR5, VWA3B, ZNF438 Neurologicalneuro- 1.57E−62 ASTN2 (includes EG: 23245), CASP5, CNTN4, FAM124A,FOLH1, GABRB2, GRM5, IL1B, MECOM, Disease degenerative NDST3, NOS3,OPCML, RFX2, SCN2A, SLC22A4 (includes EG: 6583), SLC2A3, SLC3A1, SPON1,disorder TSHZ2, ZNF608 Neurological Alzheimer's 1.72E−02 ASTN2 (includesEG: 23245), CASP5, CNTN4, FAM124A, FOLH1, GABRB2, GRM5, IL1B, MECOM,Disease disease NDST3, NOS3, OPCML, RFX2, SLC22A4 (includes EG: 6583),SLC2A3, SLC3A1, SPON1, TSHZ2, ZNF608

Discussion

TIA is a harbinger of stroke and other vascular events. The presentbiomarker panels find use for intervention in TIA to prevent futurevascular events. Prior to the present invention, there was limitedknowledge regarding human TIA biology, and the development of specificTIA therapies has been limited. The present biomarker panels provideinformation to better understand the immune response in blood thatoccurs in patients with TIA. By examining the whole genome, unique TIAgene expression profiles showing two TIA subtypes were identified. Thesefindings provide unique insight into TIA pathophysiology, and areconsistent with the conclusion that there are specific immune responsesthat occur following transient focal cerebral ischemia in humans. Theyalso suggest diagnostic tests to confirm a TIA diagnosis can bedeveloped.

Systemic Inflammation and TIA

TIA patients appear to have unique patterns of inflammation associatedwith their vascular events. Indeed, compared to controls, TIA patientstend to have increased leukocyte activation and a systemic inflammatoryresponse (8-9). Transient ischemic attacks have also been associatedwith a number of systemic inflammatory markers such as CRP (7), andinflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (21-24).Alterations in immune function in TIAs are further implicated by anassociation between TIA and systemic infection, as well as TIA andperiodontal disease (25-29). In this study, 63 genes involved ininflammation were differentially expressed in TIA compared to controls(Table 7). These genes show patterns of inflammation similar to that ofinflammatory bowel disease (32 genes), rheumatoid arthritis (32 genes),and Crohn's disease (29 genes), suggesting that different, but relatedpatterns of inflammation are associated with TIA. If the expression ofthese genes changed in a time-dependent manner after TIA onset, theinflammation could be a consequence of TIA. Otherwise, there might besome pre-existing inflammation that did not change with time that mightpromote the development of TIA. Therefore, a time-dependent analysis onthe gene expression in the acute phase (blood draw within 24 h of TIAonset; n=11) and the sub acute phase (blood draw between 24 h to 72 h ofTIA onset; n=13) of TIA was performed. The results showed that the largemajority of the genes expressed in the acute phase were similar to thoseexpressed in the sub acute phase (>90% similar). Thus, there may be achronic inflammatory state prior to TIA and this could contribute tocausing TIAs.

Anti-Oxidant Capacity

GSTM1 and GSTM2 encode cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) thatbelong to the mu class. GST enzymes function in the detoxification ofelectrophilic compounds, such products of oxidative stress byconjugation with glutathione (30). GSTM1 and GSTM2 were bothdown-regulated in TIA patients, suggesting a decreased anti-oxidantcapacity may exist in patients with TIAs. The resultant enhancedoxidative stress may in turn promote ischemic vascular disease such asTIA. This result is consistent with our previous animal study thatshowed a specific GST family member (GSTT1) regulated following 10minutes of brief focal ischemia simulating human TIAs (5).

Extracellular Matrix Remodeling

Our data suggest the presence of two subgroups of TIA patients. Nomeasured clinical factor was significantly different between each group.The notion of subtypes of TIA is not new. For example, TIA subtypesexist based on MRI DWI status, ABCD² score, or the presence of largevessel disease or atrial fibrillation. In our study, two molecularsubtypes of TIA were evident based on gene expression profiles.Functional analysis of these two groups suggested over representation ofgenes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling in TIA1 compared toTIA2 including: MMP16, MMP19, MMP26, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL10A1,COL11A1, COL25A1, COL27A1, FGFs and EGFR. TIA1 patients may be moreprone to extracellular matrix breakdown at the blood brain barrierand/or in atherosclerotic plaque.

Limitations of the Study

The sample size is small. A control group at very low risk of TIA andother vascular events was chosen so that the controls would be veryunlikely to have silent ischemic events that would complicate comparisonto TIA. By doing so, differences due to vascular risk factors areinevitably introduced. These factors were adjusted for by including agein the ANCOVA model, and excluding genes associated with hypertensionand diabetes. The advantage of comparing TIA to the controls in thisstudy, therefore, is that the gene expression differences between TIAand controls were maximized, and allowed for the search for TIAsubgroups. However, future studies will need to compare TIA patients toother controls to identify “TIA specific gene markers”. These controlsshould include patients with similar vascular risk factors and “TIAmimic” patients with migraine or seizures.

Group heterogeneity is another limitation in the study of TIA. Thoughstringent criteria were used to ensure subjects with TIA were indeedtrue transient ischemic events, it is possible that a few TIA patientswere in fact TIA mimics. Similarly, though a comparison group at lowrisk for having silent ischemic vascular events was used, it is possiblesome patients in the control group had silent vascular events.

This is a discovery type study and thus there is no previous study tocompare to. Though FDR correction was applied, the only way to accountfor multiple comparisons is to perform a future replication study. PCRverification was not performed since most changes on Affymetrix arrayshave correlated extremely well with PCR in previous studies. Inaddition, PCR would only be needed once this study has been replicatedand the PCR confirmed genes were to be used to develop clinical tests.

In summary, patients with recent TIAs can be differentiated fromcontrols without previous vascular events using gene expression profilesin blood. In addition, there may be different immune response subtypesfollowing transient ischemic attacks in humans.

Table 5. TIA associated gene lists (FDR≦5.05, absolute fold change≧1.5compared with control).

TABLE 5A Table 5A. 135 Downregulated Genes Fold- AFFY ID Gene SymbolGene Title Change 233034_at — — −2.44997 237597_at — — −2.43981558409_at — — −2.26242 1566485_at — — −2.22393 1556932_at — — −2.11785242874_at — — −2.03355 1561166_a_at — — −1.9781 217671_at — — −1.94531557733_a_at — — −1.91008 1557580_at — — −1.85725 1558410_s_at — —−1.7902 242710_at — — −1.76712 215314_at — — −1.75283 229654_at — —−1.74432 1560861_at — — −1.74348 243512_x_at — — −1.73922 238812_at — —−1.70108 232943_at — — −1.69925 233677_at — — −1.68615 244226_s_at — —−1.68579 233614_at — — −1.68298 1557581_x_at — — −1.67676 244860_at — —−1.67397 239588_s_at — — −1.667 244665_at — — −1.65812 243107_at — —−1.65279 1557519_at — — −1.64084 242564_at — — −1.63967 1557551_at — —−1.63028 238281_at — — −1.62416 1558710_at — — −1.62037 239646_at — —−1.60914 1568781_at — — −1.60862 234148_at — — −1.60079 233302_at — —−1.59557 233862_at — — −1.58604 1570329_at — — −1.56927 241638_at — —−1.56143 232834_at — — −1.559 236524_at — — −1.55759 1559723_s_at — —−1.55744 1559401_a_at — — −1.55691 236558_at — — −1.55664 237803_x_at —— −1.55619 231069_at — — −1.5535 1557477_at — — −1.54943 237953_at — —−1.54815 243641_at — — −1.547 1555194_at — — −1.54304 217060_at — —−1.54232 239449_at — — −1.54082 237334_at — — −1.53953 242074_at — —−1.53917 1570106_at — — −1.53564 244674_at — — −1.53173 232372_at — —−1.52446 238744_at — — −1.52032 233127_at — — −1.5089 243310_at — —−1.50605 214309_s_at — — −1.50383 244290_at — — −1.50381 1562013_a_at —— −1.50343 219308_s_at AK5 adenylate kinase 5 −1.95614 222862_s_at AK5adenylate kinase 5 −1.64741 239651_at ANAPC5 anaphase promoting complexsubunit 5 −1.55844 209871_s_at APBA2 amyloid beta (A4) precursorprotein-binding, family A, −1.56895 member 2 229252_at ATG9B ATG9autophagy related 9 homolog B (S. cerevisiae) −1.64694 227372_s_atBAIAP2L1 /// BAI1-associated protein 2-like 1 /// hypothetical protein−1.53271 LOC100128461 LOC100128461 221631_at CACNA1I calcium channel,voltage-dependent, T type, alpha II −1.63297 subunit 239771_at CAND1cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 1 −1.97531 1553645_atCCDC141 coiled-coil domain containing 141 −1.62867 1562028_at CCND3Cyclin D3 (CCND3), transcript variant 3, mRNA −2.00377 239871_at CLTCClathrin, heavy chain (Hc), mRNA (cDNA clone −1.63031 IMAGE: 4812912)212504_at DIP2C DIP2 disco-interacting protein 2 homolog C (Drosophila)−1.62614 1553998_at DMRTC1 /// DMRT-like family C1 /// DMRT-like familyC1B −1.86704 DMRTC1B 220048_at EDAR ectodysplasin A receptor −1.69385209368_at EPHX2 epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic −1.62474 1554273_a_atERAP2 endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 −1.52883 230792_at FAAH2fatty acid amide hydrolase 2 −1.57807 229247_at FBLN7 fibulin 7 −1.58734202768_at FOSB FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B −1.63049231108_at FUS fusion (involved in t(12; 16) in malignant liposarcoma)−1.56277 1557350_at G3BP1 GTPase activating protein (SH3 domain) bindingprotein 1 −1.6194 219815_at GAL3ST4 galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 4−1.5674 1560133_at GIGYF2 GRB10 interacting GYF protein 2 −1.52626223080_at GLS Glutaminase, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC: 33744 −1.59404 IMAGE:5263220) 221288_at GPR22 G protein-coupled receptor 22 −1.56303215333_x_at GSTM1 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 −2.03103 204550_x_atGSTM1 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 −1.95136 204418_x_at GSTM2glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (muscle) −1.95729 232207_at GUSBL2glucuronidase, beta-like 2 −2.10621 220085_at HELLS helicase,lymphoid-specific −1.67692 241723_at IQGAP2 IQ motif containing GTPaseactivating protein 2 −1.73571 215750_at KIAA1659 KIAA1659 protein−1.54646 236728_at LNPEP leucyl/cystinyl aminopeptidase −1.53387236621_at LOC100130070 /// similar to metallopanstimulin /// similar torCG63653 /// −1.70558 LOC100130775 /// similar to metallopansLOC100131787 /// LOC100131905 /// LOC100132291 /// LOC100132488 ///RPS27 239062_at LOC100131096 hypothetical LOC100131096 −1.57675229094_at LOC401431 hypothetical gene LOC401431 −1.53069 1565911_atLOC648921 MRNA full length insert cDNA clone EUROIMAGE −1.54981 209544214180_at MAN1C1 mannosidase, alpha, class 1C, member 1 −1.66631215663_at MBNL1 muscleblind-like (Drosophila) −1.53726 212935_at MCF2LMCF.2 cell line derived transforming sequence-like −1.53863 207078_atMED6 mediator complex subunit 6 −1.53192 242111_at METTL3methyltransferase like 3 −1.56742 1559856_s_at MLL myeloid/lymphoid ormixed-lineage leukemia (trithorax −1.59219 homolog, Drosophila)243857_at MORF4L2 Mrgx mRNA for MRGX −1.52328 242191_at NBPF10 /// RP11-neuroblastoma breakpoint family, member 10 /// −1.50043 9412.2hypothetical protein LOC200030 203413_at NELL2 NEL-like 2 (chicken)−1.5281 229093_at NOS3 nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell)−1.53818 223601_at OLFM2 olfactomedin 2 −1.5119 214615_at P2RY10purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 10 −1.51779 235758_at PNMA6Aparaneoplastic antigen like 6A −1.95731 244011_at PPM1K proteinphosphatase 1K (PP2C domain containing) −1.51501 239635_at RBM14 RNAbinding motif protein 14 −1.65349 219864_s_at RCAN3 RCAN family member 3−1.61977 212699_at SCAMP5 secretory carrier membrane protein 5 −1.54948232055_at SFXN1 sideroflexin 1 −1.50117 239667_at SLC3A1 solute carrierfamily 3 (cystine, dibasic and neutral amino −1.69708 acid transporters,a 1553423_a_at SLFN13 schlafen family member 13 −1.53028 232020_atSMURF2 SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 −1.57992 1560741_atSNRPN small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N −1.65945 226587_atSNRPN small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N −1.58006 226913_s_atSOX8 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 8 −1.73755 1555882_at SPIN3spindlin family, member 3 −1.65127 1555883_s_at SPIN3 spindlin family,member 3 −1.50348 213993_at SPON1 spondin 1, extracellular matrixprotein −1.55928 218856_at TNFRSF21 tumor necrosis factor receptorsuperfamily, member 21 −1.77712 1556116_s_at TNPO1 Transportin 1, mRNA(cDNA clone MGC: 17116 −1.7577 IMAGE: 4178989) 244521_at TSHZ2 Cellgrowth-inhibiting protein 7 −1.86192 206487_at UNC84A unc-84 homolog A(C. elegans) −1.50376 1558569_at UNQ6228 MRNA; cDNA DKFZp667K1619 (fromclone −1.63796 DKFZp667K1619) 1557450_s_at WHDC1L2 WAS protein homologyregion 2 domain containing 1- −1.75555 like 2 229234_at ZC3H12B zincfinger CCCH-type containing 12B −1.72127 55872_at ZNF512B zinc fingerprotein 512B −1.52158 1568873_at ZNF519 zinc finger protein 519 −1.70283

TABLE 5B Table 5B. 325 Upregulated Genes Fold- AFFY ID Gene Symbol GeneTitle Change 1563546_at — — 3.50048 1559696_at — — 3.23854 1563033_x_at— — 3.16355 1563032_at — — 2.97375 1558496_at — — 2.87094 241566_at — —2.82164 1568589_at — — 2.7205 215448_at — — 2.69149 237479_at — —2.68144 234235_at — — 2.64462 231074_at — — 2.63519 1560905_at — —2.63286 237871_x_at — — 2.55976 237937_x_at — — 2.541 207731_at — —2.52426 240988_x_at — — 2.46734 243398_at — — 2.43872 241675_s_at — —2.39854 241674_s_at — — 2.38362 228827_at — — 2.3697 233944_at — —2.36679 227952_at — — 2.31481 1554225_a_at — — 2.30748 1560049_at — —2.29877 215962_at — — 2.28524 1564306_at — — 2.20443 1557762_at — —2.18276 231091_x_at — — 2.17817 1566862_at — — 2.1529 1560760_s_at — —2.1184 230959_at — — 2.10492 238103_at — — 2.08283 242802_x_at — —2.06924 234502_at — — 2.05567 241636_x_at — — 2.0384 236038_at — —2.0344 216406_at — — 2.02612 1566805_at — — 2.00292 239464_at — —2.00073 233875_at — — 1.99361 1561713_at — — 1.9693 1562480_at — —1.94431 1556983_a_at — — 1.93605 1570191_at — — 1.93494 243902_at — —1.93045 207744_at — — 1.92381 237233_at — — 1.90496 1561199_at — —1.89756 1561902_at — — 1.89021 243273_at — — 1.88315 238368_at — —1.88178 243666_at — — 1.87601 1556989_at — — 1.86984 238358_x_at — —1.86726 229635_at — — 1.8637 238361_s_at — — 1.84576 231503_at — —1.84378 229490_s_at — — 1.84229 1569344_a_at — — 1.83229 234083_at — —1.83201 243183_at — — 1.83176 238405_at — — 1.82494 1559336_at — —1.82388 1563568_at — — 1.81339 237983_at — — 1.81139 1563881_at — —1.801 242198_at — — 1.79799 1562613_at — — 1.78841 1560086_at — —1.78528 237893_at — — 1.77856 1562992_at — — 1.75888 240112_at — —1.75583 1569810_at — — 1.75522 1566609_at — — 1.75501 243533_x_at — —1.74919 1570152_at — — 1.74489 1561112_at — — 1.74035 231040_at — —1.73604 1559695_a_at — — 1.7325 1560296_at — — 1.72689 1561473_at — —1.72375 241654_at — — 1.71535 1557645_at — — 1.70892 1566498_at — —1.70831 237399_at — — 1.70373 1562811_at — — 1.70357 1561448_at — —1.68957 237933_at — — 1.68559 241457_at — — 1.67974 242420_at — —1.67555 222342_at — — 1.6753 1556021_at — — 1.67385 239984_at — —1.67188 244216_at — — 1.67082 234794_at — — 1.66748 215290_at — —1.65929 243279_at — — 1.65749 1570268_at — — 1.65328 244384_at — —1.65237 238571_at — — 1.64715 237552_at — — 1.64653 241461_at — —1.63938 242718_at — — 1.63417 238392_at — — 1.62252 238354_x_at — —1.62228 1560453_at — — 1.62059 215976_at — — 1.62035 1564840_at — —1.6194 1561767_at — — 1.61738 1553275_s_at — — 1.61253 1563087_at — —1.61106 1566597_at — — 1.59925 244668_at — — 1.59371 216518_at — —1.5937 1563561_at — — 1.59351 236571_at — — 1.5893 216214_at — — 1.58555240904_at — — 1.58293 235494_at — — 1.57849 240067_at — — 1.57319237071_at — — 1.57301 233306_at — — 1.56521 216463_at — — 1.56326237192_at — — 1.56114 1560517_s_at — — 1.55983 1555263_at — — 1.5561566968_at — — 1.55262 241173_at — — 1.54723 1561351_at — — 1.546851559629_at — — 1.54679 238395_at — — 1.54457 1563026_at — — 1.541351562610_at — — 1.53899 1570506_at — — 1.53071 231546_at — — 1.52352240714_at — — 1.52183 242495_at — — 1.51926 1561642_at — — 1.51919234825_at — — 1.51483 241247_at — — 1.51115 236276_at — — 1.50976238386_x_at — — 1.50861 241569_at — — 1.50674 1564851_at — — 1.505511556185_a_at — — 1.50406 243424_at — — 1.50374 238274_at — — 1.50237207275_s_at ACSL1 acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 1.51866243520_x_at ADAM30 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 30 1.80193 206134_atADAMDEC1 ADAM-like, decysin 1 1.61274 209614_at ADH1B alcoholdehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide 1.51397 202912_at ADMadrenomedullin 1.61874 206513_at AIM2 absent in melanoma 2 1.60396215783_s_at ALPL alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney 2.10061557924_s_at ALPL alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney 2.020221563673_a_at ALS2CR11 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 (juvenile)chromosome 2.15177 region, candidate 11 1562292_at ANKRD30B ankyrinrepeat domain 30B 1.86641 209369_at ANXA3 annexin A3 2.41095 1554816_atASTN2 astrotactin 2 2.22748 239144_at B3GAT2beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2 (glucuronosyltransferase 1.75721 S)228758_at BCL6 Zinc finger protein 1.69127 215990_s_at BCL6 B-cellCLL/lymphoma 6 1.59315 242579_at BMPR1B bone morphogenetic proteinreceptor, type IB 2.05687 232416_at BRUNOL5 bruno-like 5, RNA bindingprotein (Drosophila) 1.68747 223977_s_at C18orf2 chromosome 18 openreading frame 2 1.58384 1553652_a_at C18orf54 chromosome 18 open readingframe 54 1.54796 235568_at C19orf59 chromosome 19 open reading frame 591.99789 1554540_at C1orf67 chromosome 1 open reading frame 67 1.519411553329_at C7orf45 chromosome 7 open reading frame 45 1.72974 239203_atC7orf53 chromosome 7 open reading frame 53 1.55912 1552701_a_at CARD16caspase recruitment domain family, member 16 1.59587 232969_at CARD8caspase recruitment domain family, member 8 1.78265 207500_at CASP5caspase 5, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase 1.91798 203065_s_at CAV1caveolin 1, caveolae protein, 22 kDa 1.60773 220351_at CCRL1 chemokine(C-C motif) receptor-like 1 2.32444 208168_s_at CHIT1 chitinase 1(chitotriosidase) 1.56138 239989_at CNTLN centlein, centrosomal protein1.53478 229084_at CNTN4 contactin 4 1.7244 1556499_s_at COL1A1 collagen,type I, alpha 1 2.87107 229218_at COL1A2 collagen, type I, alpha 21.92067 210262_at CRISP2 cysteine-rich secretory protein 2 1.883491553002_at DEFB105A /// defensin, beta 105A /// defensin, beta 105B1.52948 DEFB105B 226121_at DHRS13 dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family)member 13 1.65414 233092_s_at DKFZP434B061 DKFZP434B061 protein 1.84946222253_s_at DKFZP434P211 POM121 membrane glycoprotein-like 1 pseudogene2.61011 206819_at DKFZP434P211 POM121 membrane glycoprotein-like 1pseudogene 1.93567 239309_at DLX6 distal-less homeobox 6 2.4523220493_at DMRT1 doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 11.61917 241199_x_at DPPA4 developmental pluripotency associated 42.68174 232360_at EHF ets homologous factor 1.68951 219850_s_at EHF etshomologous factor 1.64412 228260_at ELAVL2 ELAV (embryonic lethal,abnormal vision, Drosophila)- 1.9905 like 2 (Hu antigen B) 227612_atELAVL3 ELAV (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila)- 3.23425like 3 (Hu antigen C) 219134_at ELTD1 EGF, latrophilin and seventransmembrane domain 1.70282 containing 1 211164_at EPHA3 EPH receptorA3 2.39314 243277_x_at EVI1 ecotropic viral integration site 1 1.5445230519_at FAM124A family with sequence similarity 124A 1.594991569025_s_at FAM13A1 family with sequence similarity 13, member A11.55876 222291_at FAM149A family with sequence similarity 149, member A1.75785 222205_x_at FAM182B /// RP13- family with sequence similarity182, member B /// 1.70042 401N8.2 hypothetical gene supported by220645_at FAM55D family with sequence similarity 55, member D 1.55166201579_at FAT1 FAT tumor suppressor homolog 1 (Drosophila) 1.67288239710_at FIGN fidgetin 2.14096 238964_at FIGN fidgetin 1.567961557155_a_at FLJ30375 CDNA clone IMAGE: 5301781 1.97451 229521_atFLJ36031 hypothetical protein FLJ36031 1.58141 1560790_at FLJ36144hypothetical protein FLJ36144 1.78391 1558579_at FLJ37786 hypotheticalLOC642691 1.66029 230999_at FLJ39051 CDNA FLJ39051 fis, cloneNT2RP7011452 1.92605 227925_at FLJ39051 CDNA FLJ39051 fis, cloneNT2RP7011452 1.86433 217487_x_at FOLH1 folate hydrolase(prostate-specific membrane antigen) 1 2.19987 217483_at FOLH1 folatehydrolase (prostate-specific membrane antigen) 1 1.68955 40284_at FOXA2forkhead box A2 1.8498 1553613_s_at FOXC1 forkhead box C1 1.53964230964_at FREM2 FRAS1 related extracellular matrix protein 2 2.309841553024_at G30 protein LG30-like 1.75094 1557122_s_at GABRB2gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, beta 2 3.49668 242344_atGABRB2 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, beta 2 2.724581555726_at GAFA3 FGF-2 activity-associated protein 3 1.61768 219271_atGALNT14 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N- 2.07605acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 240390_at GALNT5UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N- 2.09257acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 204763_s_at GNAO1 guanine nucleotidebinding protein (G protein), alpha 1.5542 activating activity polype223767_at GPR84 G protein-coupled receptor 84 1.76044 207235_s_at GRM5glutamate receptor, metabotropic 5 1.93451 1559520_at GYPA Glycophorin A2.12904 211267_at HESX1 HESX homeobox 1 1.61355 227566_at HNTneurotrimin 1.56554 206858_s_at HOXC4 /// HOXC6 homeobox C4 /// homeoboxC6 1.70414 219403_s_at HPSE heparanase 1.60481 211959_at IGFBP5insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 1.54545 205067_at IL1Binterleukin 1, beta 1.57884 39402_at IL1B interleukin 1, beta 1.51316229538_s_at IQGAP3 IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 31.73797 214927_at ITGBL1 integrin, beta-like 1 (with EGF-like repeatdomains) 1.73813 238428_at KCNJ15 // potassium inwardly-rectifyingchannel, subfamily J, 1.56965 LOC100131955 member 15 /// similar to pot227250_at KREMEN1 kringle containing transmembrane protein 1 2.16406235370_at KREMEN1 kringle containing transmembrane protein 1 1.77475215516_at LAMB4 laminin, beta 4 1.60646 206140_at LHX2 LIM homeobox 22.0959 225571_at LIFR leukemia inhibitory factor receptor alpha 1.69168210582_s_at LIMK2 LIM domain kinase 2 1.5485 1556704_s_at LOC100133920/// hypothetical protein LOC100133920 /// hypothetical 1.63034 LOC286297protein LOC286297 232034_at LOC203274 CDNA FLJ31544 fis, cloneNT2RI2000865 1.63147 1557717_at LOC338862 hypothetical protein LOC3388622.22946 1560823_at LOC340017 hypothetical protein LOC340017 1.51946233879_at LOC374491 TPTE and PTEN homologous inositol lipid phosphatase1.81019 pseudogene 1558982_at LOC375010 hypothetical LOC375010 1.72485214984_at LOC440345 hypothetical protein LOC440345 1.98536 230902_atLOC645323 CDNA clone IMAGE: 5260726 1.84336 238850_at LOC645323hypothetical LOC645323 1.81503 1568933_at LOC646627 phospholipaseinhibitor 1.53874 231434_at LOC728460 similar to FLJ32921 protein1.68733 1570009_at LOC732096 similar to hCG2040240 2.13184 230863_atLRP2 low density lipoprotein-related protein 2 1.71146 203005_at LTBRlymphotoxin beta receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 1.58399 3)201744_s_at LUM lumican 1.93131 210449_x_at MAPK14 mitogen-activatedprotein kinase 14 1.57327 211561_x_at MAPK14 mitogen-activated proteinkinase 14 1.55337 235077_at MEG3 maternally expressed 3 (non-proteincoding) 1.6384 240814_at MGC39584 hypothetical gene supported byBC029568 1.59341 214087_s_at MYBPC1 myosin binding protein C, slow type1.58609 237510_at MYNN Myoneurin, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE: 4721583)1.85041 1559292_s_at NCRNA00032 Clone IMAGE: 2275835 C9orf14 mRNA,partial 1.98554 sequence, alternatively spliced 220429_at NDST3N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (heparan glucosaminyl) 3 1.68889209119_x_at NR2F2 nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 21.94377 231867_at ODZ2 odz, odd Oz/ten-m homolog 2 (Drosophila) 2.03143214111_at OPCML opioid binding protein/cell adhesion molecule-like1.91158 230170_at OSM oncostatin M 1.58899 1553931_at OSTCLoligosaccharyltransferase complex subunit-like 1.57501 206048_at OVOL2ovo-like 2 (Drosophila) 2.06333 1559400_s_at PAPPA pregnancy-associatedplasma protein A, pappalysin 1 1.50009 210292_s_at PCDH11X ///protocadherin 11 X-linked /// protocadherin 11 Y-linked 1.6605 PCDH11Y208396_s_at PDE1A phosphodiesterase 1A, calmodulin-dependent 1.68453214868_at PIWIL1 piwi-like 1 (Drosophila) 1.63171 202446_s_at PLSCR1phospholipid scramblase 1 1.54059 233030_at PNPLA3 patatin-likephospholipase domain containing 3 1.50269 1569675_at POU2AF1 POU class 2associating factor 1, mRNA (cDNA clone 1.67876 MGC: 45211 IMAGE:5554134) 1555462_at PPP1R1C protein phosphatase 1, regulatory(inhibitor) subunit 1C 1.60542 241669_x_at PRKD2 protein kinase D21.55139 220696_at PRO0478 PRO0478 protein 1.69169 228825_at PTGR1prostaglandin reductase 1 1.95262 217194_at RASAL2 RAS protein activatorlike 2 2.00632 226872_at RFX2 regulatory factor X, 2 (influences HLAclass II 1.58786 expression) 213194_at ROBO1 roundabout, axon guidancereceptor, homolog 1 1.95207 (Drosophila) 242385_at RORB RAR-relatedorphan receptor B 2.14023 1555990_at RP1-127L4.6 hypothetical proteinLOC150297 1.76603 215321_at RUNDC3B RUN domain containing 3B 1.60322205863_at S100A12 S100 calcium binding protein A12 1.5633 229057_atSCN2A sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, alpha subunit 1.85129207570_at SHOX short stature homeobox 2.00103 210135_s_at SHOX2 shortstature homeobox 2 2.86893 208443_x_at SHOX2 short stature homeobox 21.70616 206634_at SIX3 SIX homeobox 3 1.78989 205896_at SLC22A4 solutecarrier family 22 (organic cation/ergothioneine 1.65918 transporter),member 4 237340_at SLC26A8 solute carrier family 26, member 8 2.32491216236_s_at SLC2A14 /// solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucosetransporter), 1.51356 SLC2A3 member 14 /// solute 232547_at SNIPSNAP25-interacting protein 1.83841 240204_at SNRPN small nuclearribonucleoprotein polypeptide N 1.58295 241987_x_at SNX31 sorting nexin31 2.19167 204913_s_at SOX11 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 112.34727 204914_s_at SOX11 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 11 1.88201202935_s_at SOX9 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 2.45928 235342_atSPOCK3 sparc/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains 1.75314proteoglycan (testican) 3 241961_at SRD5A2L2 steroid 5 alpha-reductase2-like 2 2.08494 1554473_at SRGAP1 SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activatingprotein 1 1.99203 203759_at ST3GAL4 ST3 beta-galactosidealpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4 1.51002 231969_at STOX2 storkhead box 22.2552 214451_at TFAP2B transcription factor AP-2 beta (activatingenhancer 1.89347 binding protein 2 beta) 215447_at TFPI Tissue factorpathway inhibitor (lipoprotein-associated 1.96509 coagulationinhibitor), 228121_at TGFB2 transforming growth factor, beta 2 1.70904210166_at TLR5 toll-like receptor 5 1.9168 220205_at TPTE transmembranephosphatase with tensin homology 1.60547 206479_at TRPM1 transientreceptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, 1.57541 member 11556666_a_at TTC6 tetratricopeptide repeat domain 6 1.91015 213943_atTWIST1 twist homolog 1 (Drosophila) 2.72279 222435_s_at UBE2J1ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, J1 (UBC6 homolog, 1.50758 yeast)226899_at UNC5B unc-5 homolog B (C. elegans) 2.04351 1561200_at VWA3Bvon Willebrand factor A domain containing 3B 1.61802 206954_at WIT1Wilms tumor upstream neighbor 1 2.58643 1552946_at ZNF114 zinc fingerprotein 114 1.99445 229743_at ZNF438 zinc finger protein 438 1.53049244007_at ZNF462 zinc finger protein 462 1.53545 1555367_at ZNF479 zincfinger protein 479 2.25193 1555368_x_at ZNF479 zinc finger protein 4792.16203 232303_at ZNF608 zinc finger protein 608 1.72629

TABLE 5C 34 Genes that differentiate TIA from Control Fold- AFFY ID GeneSymbol Gene Title Change 1557580_at — — −1.85725 1559695_a_at — — 1.73251561767_at — — 1.61738 1563026_at — — 1.54135 1563568_at — — 1.813391568589_at — — 2.7205 1568781_at — — −1.60862 216406_at — — 2.02612229654_at — — −1.74432 231040_at — — 1.73604 231069_at — — −1.5535231546_at — — 1.52352 233306_at — — 1.56521 236571_at — — 1.5893237597_at — — −2.4398 237953_at — — −1.54815 242495_at — — 1.51926242564_at — — −1.63967 242710_at — — −1.76712 244226_s_at — — −1.68579244665_at — — −1.65812 229252_at ATG9B ATG9 autophagy −1.64694 related 9homolog B (S. cerevisiae) 212504_at DIP2C DIP2 disco-interacting−1.62614 protein 2 homolog C (Drosophila) 233092_s_at DKFZP434B061DKFZP434B061 protein 1.84946 220048_at EDAR ectodysplasin A receptor−1.69385 220645_at FAM55D family with sequence 1.55166 similarity 55,member D 1557155_a_at FLJ30375 CDNA clone IMAGE: 1.97451 5301781215333_x_at GSTM1 glutathione S-transferase −2.03103 mu 1 232207_atGUSBL2 glucuronidase, beta-like −2.10621 2 211959_at IGFBP5 insulin-likegrowth factor 1.54545 binding protein 5 203005_at LTBR lymphotoxin beta1.58399 receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 3) 229057_at SCN2A sodiumchannel, voltage- 1.85129 gated, type II, alpha subunit 232020_at SMURF2SMAD specific E3 −1.57992 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 55872_at ZNF512Bzinc finger protein 512B −1.52158

TABLE 5D 26 Upregulated Genes that differentiate TIA1 from TIA2 Fold-AFFY ID Gene Symbol Gene Title Change 1557122_s_at GABRB2gamma-aminobutyric acid 3.49668 (GABA) A receptor, beta 2 1559696_at — —3.23854 227612_at ELAVL3 ELAV (embryonic lethal, 3.23425 abnormalvision, Drosophila)-like 3 (Hu antigen C) 1563032_at — — 2.973751558496_at — — 2.87094 241566_at — — 2.82164 213943_at TWIST1 twisthomolog 1 2.72279 (Drosophila) 215448_at — — 2.69149 241199_x_at DPPA4developmental pluripotency 2.68174 associated 4 237479_at — — 2.68144234235_at — — 2.64462 1560905_at — — 2.63286 222253_s_at DKFZP434P211POM121 membrane 2.61011 glycoprotein-like 1 pseudogene 237937_x_at — —2.541 207731_at — — 2.52426 239309_at DLX6 distal-less homeobox 6 2.4523243398_at — — 2.43872 241675_s_at — — 2.39854 241674_s_at — — 2.383621555367_at ZNF479 zinc finger protein 479 2.25193 1554816_at ASTN2astrotactin 2 2.22748 241987_x_at SNX31 sorting nexin 31 2.191671557762_at — — 2.18276 1563673_a_at ALS2CR11 amyotrophic lateral 2.15177sclerosis 2 (juvenile) chromosome region, candidate 11 214984_atLOC440345 hypothetical protein 1.98536 LOC440345 1556983_a_at — —1.93605

TABLE 8 Table 8 - Significant genes between TIA1 and TIA2 (FDR ≦ 0.05,absolute fold change ≧ 1.5, TIA1 vs TIA2) Fold AFFY ID Gene Symbol GeneTitle Change 1553422_s_at A2BP1 ataxin 2-binding protein 1 1.72186223593_at AADAT aminoadipate aminotransferase 1.85564 214829_at AASSaminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase 1.89032 1552582_at ABCC13 ATP-bindingcassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 13 2.62247 1557374_at ABCC9ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 9 1.74138208462_s_at ABCC9 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member9 2.03195 220518_at ABI3BP ABI family, member 3 (NESH) binding protein1.81797 220061_at ACSM5 acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 51.74065 89977_at ACSM5 acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 52.18846 215613_at ADAM12 Meltrin-S (ADAM12) mRNA, complete cds,alternatively spliced 1.79057 1568970_at ADAM18 ADAM metallopeptidasedomain 18 2.48574 207664_at ADAM2 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 2 1.9154243520_x_at ADAM30 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 30 2.74216 1552266_atADAM32 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 32 1.65164 206134_at ADAMDEC1ADAM-like, decysin 1 3.08521 230040_at ADAMTS18 ADAM metallopeptidasewith thrombospondin type 1 motif, 18 1.68813 1553180_at ADAMTS19 ADAMmetallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 19 2.44377 214913_atADAMTS3 ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 31.58473 220287_at ADAMTS9 ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type1 motif, 9 1.97398 209614_at ADH1B alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I),beta polypeptide 1.60016 231678_s_at ADH4 alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (classII), pi polypeptide 1.66033 204120_s_at ADK adenosine kinase −1.79666211491_at ADRA1A adrenergic, alpha-1A-, receptor 1.6033 204333_s_at AGAaspartylglucosaminidase −1.54576 1553447_at AGBL1 ATP/GTP bindingprotein-like 1 1.51198 1554820_at AGBL3 ATP/GTP binding protein-like 31.79467 232007_at AGPAT5 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 5(lysophosphatidic −1.78587 acid acyltransf 205357_s_at AGTR1 angiotensinII receptor, type 1 1.51953 206957_at AGXT alanine-glyoxylateaminotransferase 1.50599 230630_at AK3L1 /// adenylate kinase 3-like 1/// adenylate kinase 3-like 2 1.52481 AK3L2 207870_at AKAP9 A kinase(PRKA) anchor protein (yotiao) 9 1.76652 244205_at ALAS2aminolevulinate, delta-, synthase 2 1.67115 211617_at ALDOAP2 aldolaseA, fructose-bisphosphate pseudogene 2 3.07845 211357_s_at ALDOB aldolaseB, fructose-bisphosphate 1.74204 1553261_x_at ALS2CR11 amyotrophiclateral sclerosis 2 (juvenile) chromosome region, 2.08857 candidate 111553260_s_at ALS2CR11 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 (juvenile)chromosome region, 2.81678 candidate 11 1563673_a_at ALS2CR11amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 (juvenile) chromosome region, 3.60798candidate 11 1553471_at AMAC1 acyl-malonyl condensing enzyme 1 1.53576236760_at AMMECR1 Alport syndrome, mental retardation, midfacehypoplasia and −1.61791 elliptocytosis chrom 203002_at AMOTL2 angiomotinlike 2 1.52446 243799_x_at ANGPTL3 Angiopoietin-like 3, mRNA (cDNA cloneIMAGE: 3934961) 1.63129 232606_at ANK2 Ankyrin, Brank-1 protein 1.696081553211_at ANKFN1 ankyrin-repeat and fibronectin type III domaincontaining 1 1.66982 1560370_x_at ANKH CDNA FLJ30404 fis, cloneBRACE2008481 1.53577 243181_at ANKIB1 ankyrin repeat and IBR domaincontaining 1 −1.59952 206029_at ANKRD1 ankyrin repeat domain 1 (cardiacmuscle) 1.58224 1559406_at ANKRD18A ankyrin repeat domain 18A 1.769341570255_s_at ANKRD20A1 ankyrin repeat domain 20 family, member A1 ///ankyrin repeat 2.65731 /// domain 20 family, ANKRD20A2 /// ANKRD20A3 ///ANKRD20A4 /// ANKRD20B /// LOC375010 /// LOC647595 /// LOC728371205706_s_at ANKRD26 ankyrin repeat domain 26 −1.69786 1561079_at ANKRD28ankyrin repeat domain 28 1.96635 1562292_at ANKRD30B ankyrin repeatdomain 30B 2.5644 1562294_x_at ANKRD30B ankyrin repeat domain 30B3.18306 227034_at ANKRD57 ankyrin repeat domain 57 −1.62847 213553_x_atAPOC1 apolipoprotein C-I 1.51627 215931_s_at ARFGEF2 ADP-ribosylationfactor guanine nucleotide-exchange factor 2 −1.50024 (brefeldin A-inhibi228368_at ARHGAP20 Rho GTPase activating protein 20 1.60285 1560318_atARHGAP29 Rho GTPase activating protein 29 4.60468 235412_at ARHGEF7 Rhoguanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 7 (ARHGEF7), 1.63916 transcriptvariant 2, 242727_at ARL5B ADP-ribosylation factor-like 5B −1.54355219094_at ARMC8 armadillo repeat containing 8 −1.57518 227444_at ARMCX4Armadillo repeat containing, X-linked 4, mRNA (cDNA clone −1.81523IMAGE: 5261888) 239147_at ARSK arylsulfatase family, member K 1.97592239002_at ASPM asp (abnormal spindle) homolog, microcephaly associated2.35391 (Drosophila) 1554816_at ASTN2 astrotactin 2 4.64925 233536_atASXL3 additional sex combs like 3 (Drosophila) 2.11586 1569729_a_at ASZ1ankyrin repeat, SAM and basic leucine zipper domain containing 1 1.595311559485_at ATG2B ATG2 autophagy related 2 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)1.71224 228190_at ATG4C /// ATG4 autophagy related 4 homolog C (S.cerevisiae) /// Ctr9, −1.50066 CTR9 Paf1/RNA polymerase 220920_at ATP10BATPase, class V, type 10B 1.91809 220556_at ATP1B4 ATPase, (Na+)/K+transporting, beta 4 polypeptide 1.63153 211137_s_at ATP2C1 ATPase, Ca++transporting, type 2C, member 1 −1.51541 214594_x_at ATP8B1 ATPase,class I, type 8B, member 1 1.78628 216129_at ATP9A ATPase, class II,type 9A 1.98899 1560404_a_at ATPBD4 ATP binding domain 4 1.58431569796_s_at ATRNL1 attractin-like 1 2.48281 222969_at B3GALT1UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1 1.97721239144_at B3GAT2 beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2(glucuronosyltransferase S) 2.24315 206233_at B4GALT6 UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAcbeta 1,4-galactosyltransferase, 1.51182 polypeptide 6 222446_s_at BACE2beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 2 −1.70556 207712_at BAGE B melanomaantigen 1.65959 1555605_x_at BAGE B melanoma antigen 1.7285 1555369_atBAGE B melanoma antigen 1.55591 1555603_at BAGE B melanoma antigen2.17743 211568_at BAI3 brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 3 1.99551219688_at BBS7 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 7 −1.8488 1555555_at BBS9Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9 1.67715 233464_at BCL2L14 BCL2-like 14(apoptosis facilitator) 1.59747 1560683_at BCL8 B-cell CLL/lymphoma 81.76236 1560684_x_at BCL8 B-cell CLL/lymphoma 8 1.85157 239367_at BDNFbrain-derived neurotrophic factor 1.96176 232368_at BET3L BET3 like (S.cerevisiae) 1.85928 1569674_at BHLHB9 Clone 23955 mRNA sequence 1.732141569289_at BIVM Full length insert cDNA clone YB21E09 1.62223205431_s_at BMP5 bone morphogenetic protein 5 2.03195 242579_at BMPR1Bbone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IB 3.69028 235723_at BNC2basonuclin 2 1.76632 232103_at BPNT1 3′(2′),5′-bisphosphate nucleotidase1 −1.52974 206044_s_at BRAF /// v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogenehomolog B1 /// KIAA1549 1.58869 KIAA1549 1569960_at BRD7P3 bromodomaincontaining 7 pseudogene 3 3.05416 206787_at BRDT bromodomain,testis-specific 1.53605 207369_at BRS3 bombesin-like receptor 3 2.10739238966_at BRUNOL4 bruno-like 4, RNA binding protein (Drosophila) 1.59417230497_at BRUNOL5 bruno-like 5, RNA binding protein (Drosophila) 1.81119232416_at BRUNOL5 bruno-like 5, RNA binding protein (Drosophila) 2.98452202946_s_at BTBD3 BTB (POZ) domain containing 3 −1.51798 207326_at BTCbetacellulin 1.76063 234243_at BXDC5 brix domain containing 5 3.97289224667_x_at C10orf104 chromosome 10 open reading frame 104 1.564731557548_at C10orf108 chromosome 10 open reading frame 108 4.29361560851_at C10orf136 chromosome 10 open reading frame 136 2.78294244435_at C10orf141 chromosome 10 open reading frame 141 1.906791556648_a_at C10orf40 chromosome 10 open reading frame 40 2.619561557801_x_at C11orf31 chromosome 11 open reading frame 31 −1.506351561985_at C14orf39 chromosome 14 open reading frame 39 2.08706224213_at C14orf91 chromosome 14 open reading frame 91 1.51441 232507_atC15orf41 chromosome 15 open reading frame 41 1.77387 208109_s_at C15orf5chromosome 15 open reading frame 5 1.62118 1560751_at C18orf16chromosome 18 open reading frame 16 3.41883 223977_s_at C18orf2chromosome 18 open reading frame 2 2.32467 244495_x_at C18orf45chromosome 18 open reading frame 45 1.64232 1553652_a_at C18orf54chromosome 18 open reading frame 54 1.96326 1556288_at C18orf62chromosome 18 open reading frame 62 2.60662 1552908_at C1orf150chromosome 1 open reading frame 150 2.85331 1554540_at C1orf67chromosome 1 open reading frame 67 1.74707 233598_at C20orf187chromosome 20 open reading frame 187 2.12033 1554657_a_at C20orf26chromosome 20 open reading frame 26 1.7578 232953_at C20orf69 ///chromosome 20 open reading frame 69 /// similar to hypothetical 1.62957DKFZP434B2016 protein LOC28470 /// LOC643670 /// LOC728105 /// LOC728323/// PCMTD2 234314_at C20orf74 chromosome 20 open reading frame 74 1.68240068_at C21orf130 chromosome 21 open reading frame 130 2.306531557481_a_at C21orf131 chromosome 21 open reading frame 131 2.67119239999_at C21orf34 CDNA FLJ38295 fis, clone FCBBF3012332 1.71918240801_at C21orf37 chromosome 21 open reading frame 37 2.521491552876_at C21orf89 chromosome 21 open reading frame 89 1.74874244467_at C22:CTA- transmembrane protein 46-like −1.50447 250D10.91552979_at C2orf52 chromosome 2 open reading frame 52 1.5065 1558519_atC2orf67 /// RPE Chromosome 2 open reading frame 67, mRNA (cDNA clone1.54141 MGC: 27010 IMAGE: 4829661) // 231081_at C2orf73 chromosome 2open reading frame 73 1.83581 241998_at C2orf80 chromosome 2 openreading frame 80 2.15326 1554147_s_at C3orf15 chromosome 3 open readingframe 15 1.5927 1554528_at C3orf15 chromosome 3 open reading frame 152.15191 1555719_a_at C3orf15 chromosome 3 open reading frame 15 2.82189223990_at C4orf17 chromosome 4 open reading frame 17 1.61603 231565_atC4orf22 chromosome 4 open reading frame 22 1.55741 231612_at C4orf35chromosome 4 open reading frame 35 1.55132 1555096_at C4orf37 chromosome4 open reading frame 37 1.87794 1553106_at C5orf24 chromosome 5 openreading frame 24 −1.84772 234457_at C6orf12 chromosome 6 open readingframe 12 2.8135 1552575_a_at C6orf141 chromosome 6 open reading frame141 1.70056 232152_at C6orf182 /// chromosome 6 open reading frame 182/// chromosome 6 open 2.19633 C6orf182P reading frame 182 pseu 244829_atC6orf218 Chromosome 6 open reading frame 218 (C6orf218), mRNA 2.4961211351_at C6orf54 chromosome 6 open reading frame 54 2.04304 1566865_atC7orf38 chromosome 7 open reading frame 38 1.98885 209446_s_at C7orf44chromosome 7 open reading frame 44 −1.51989 1553329_at C7orf45chromosome 7 open reading frame 45 2.3417 240626_at C8orf15 chromosome 8open reading frame 15 1.70317 231380_at C8orf34 chromosome 8 openreading frame 34 1.78353 218541_s_at C8orf4 chromosome 8 open readingframe 4 1.99089 214796_at C8orf79 chromosome 8 open reading frame 791.71345 1560207_at C8orf81 chromosome 8 open reading frame 81 3.37061206727_at C9 complement component 9 1.66942 230522_s_at C9orf100chromosome 9 open reading frame 100 −1.55527 1557541_at C9orf122chromosome 9 open reading frame 122 1.55302 208077_at C9orf38 chromosome9 open reading frame 38 2.77328 1558414_at C9orf4 chromosome 9 openreading frame 4 1.61823 1560558_at C9orf80 chromosome 9 open readingframe 80 3.13268 1556516_at C9orf93 CDNA clone IMAGE: 5312512 2.118371553433_at C9orf93 chromosome 9 open reading frame 93 2.376461557666_s_at C9orf98 chromosome 9 open reading frame 98 1.57862230976_at C9orf98 chromosome 9 open reading frame 98 −1.65509 238636_atCACNA1C calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit1.73954 244256_at CACNA1E Voltage-operated calcium channel, alpha-1subunit 2.70154 239884_at CADPS Ca++-dependent secretion activator2.05688 219572_at CADPS2 Ca++-dependent secretion activator 2 1.64739201617_x_at CALD1 caldesmon 1 2.15522 235834_at CALD1 Caldesmon, 3′ UTR1.76734 205525_at CALD1 caldesmon 1 2.04665 1552421_a_at CALR3calreticulin 3 1.59981 212551_at CAP2 CAP, adenylate cyclase-associatedprotein, 2 (yeast) 1.94441 1569450_at CAPZA2 capping protein (actinfilament) muscle Z-line, alpha 2 −1.55786 1553323_a_at CATSPER2 cationchannel, sperm associated 2 −1.76772 230981_at CATSPER3 cation channel,sperm associated 3 −1.5308 1555920_at CBX3 Heterochromatin proteinHP1Hs-gamma −1.65486 1553886_at CCDC108 coiled-coil domain containing108 2.91507 1561477_at CCDC144A coiled-coil domain containing 144A3.37527 1561271_at CCDC144C coiled-coil domain containing 144C 3.46131243565_at CCDC150 coiled-coil domain containing 150 1.71562 237475_x_atCCDC152 coiled-coil domain containing 152 1.54515 1553849_at CCDC26coiled-coil domain containing 26 1.9386 1553666_at CCDC34 coiled-coildomain containing 34 1.8159 233259_at CCDC48 PREDICTED: Homo sapienssimilar to hCG20004 2.53391 (LOC729581), mRNA 1558893_a_at CCDC67coiled-coil domain containing 67 1.69471 214710_s_at CCNB1 cyclin B1−1.54345 220351_at CCRL1 chemokine (C-C motif) receptor-like 1 3.68023229900_at CD109 CD109 molecule 1.62542 215784_at CD1E CD1e molecule2.06446 1552509_a_at CD300LG CD300 molecule-like famil member g 1.537681554519_at CD80 CD80 molecule −1.71348 241120_s_at CDC20B Cell divisioncycle 20 homolog B (S. cerevisiae), mRNA (cDNA 1.50701 clone IMAGE:5206729 240161_s_at CDC20B Cell division cycle 20 homolog B (S.cerevisiae), mRNA (cDNA 2.04212 clone IMAGE: 5206729 1555772_a_at CDC25Acell division cycle 25 homolog A (S. pombe) 3.35221 232266_x_at CDC2L5CDNA FLJ35215 fis, clone PROST2000079, highly similar to 1.52631 Homosapiens mRNA for C 240735_at CDC42BPA Ser-thr protein kinase PK4281.53612 220115_s_at CDH10 cadherin 10, type 2 (T2-cadherin) 2.15879236179_at CDH11 cadherin 11, type 2, OB-cadherin (osteoblast) 1.70475207149_at CDH12 cadherin 12, type 2 (N-cadherin 2) 1.62637 206898_atCDH19 cadherin 19, type 2 1.56233 220679_s_at CDH7 cadherin 7, type 21.80801 241911_at CDKL3 cyclin-dependent kinase-like 3 1.65132 204159_atCDKN2C cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2C (p18, inhibits CDK4) −1.5149228744_at CEP27 centrosomal protein 27 kDa −1.53605 229208_at CEP27centrosomal protein 27 kDa −1.51058 241836_x_at CEP97 centrosomalprotein 97 kDa 1.50275 207874_s_at CFHR4 complement factor H-related 41.74706 235117_at CHAC2 ChaC, cation transport regulator homolog 2 (E.coli) −1.8177 220619_at CHD7 chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 71.76809 1565951_s_at CHML choroideremia-like (Rab escort protein 2)−1.91904 206079_at CHML choroideremia-like (Rab escort protein 2)−1.64317 214596_at CHRM3 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 3 2.54248211587_x_at CHRNA3 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 3 1.61917221107_at CHRNA9 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 9 1.56409220026_at CLCA4 chloride channel regulator 4 2.16081 214598_at CLDN8claudin 8 1.81271 219414_at CLSTN2 calsyntenin 2 1.84839 1552588_a_atCNBD1 cyclic nucleotide binding domain containing 1 1.55712 1552344_s_atCNOT7 CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 7 −1.82468 239989_at CNTLNcentlein, centrosomal protein 2.22761 227209_at CNTN1 Contactin 2precursor (CNTN1) 1.77739 229084_at CNTN4 contactin 4 2.67917 207195_atCNTN6 contactin 6 1.56557 205229_s_at COCH coagulation factor C homolog,cochlin (Limulus polyphemus) −1.9015 205941_s_at COL10A1 collagen, typeX, alpha 1 1.7013 37892_at COL11A1 collagen, type XI, alpha 1 2.342831556499_s_at COL1A1 collagen, type I, alpha 1 4.18573 202403_s_at COL1A2collagen, type I, alpha 2 1.61064 229218_at COL1A2 collagen, type I,alpha 2 4.15668 1555253_at COL25A1 collagen, type XXV, alpha 1 3.31837225293_at COL27A1 collagen, type XXVII, alpha 1 1.80939 211161_s_atCOL3A1 collagen, type III, alpha 1 1.88084 215076_s_at COL3A1 collagen,type III, alpha 1 1.84665 232458_at COL3A1 MRNA 3′ region forpro-alpha1(III) collagen 2.19054 207420_at COLEC10 collectin sub-familymember 10 (C-type lectin) 1.54892 217645_at COX16 COX16 cytochrome coxidase assembly homolog (S. cerevisiae) −1.59605 227253_at CPceruloplasmin (ferroxidase) 1.66043 1552511_a_at CPA6 carboxypeptidaseA6 2.12705 227721_at CPAMD8 C3 and PZP-like, alpha-2-macroglobulindomain containing 8 −2.00772 1555250_a_at CPEB3 cytoplasmicpolyadenylation element binding protein 3 1.57893 204920_at CPS1carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1, mitochondrial 1.95567 1552714_at CREG2cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 2 2.09357 237502_at CRLS1Cardiolipin synthase 1 (CRLS1), transcript variant 2, mRNA 1.627711555958_at CRTAC1 cartilage acidic protein 1 1.57641 1557143_at CSMD2CUB and Sushi multiple domains 2 1.65198 1553080_at CSN1S2A casein alphas2-like A 1.73631 207030_s_at CSRP2 cysteine and glycine-rich protein 21.92858 1567912_s_at CT45-4 /// cancer/testis antigen CT45-4 ///cancer/testis antigen CT45-6 /// 5.90054 CT45-6 /// hypothetical pLOC100133581 /// RP13-36C9.1 /// RP13-36C9.3 /// RP13-36C9.6 /// XX-FW88277B6.1 231568_at CT47.7 /// cancer/testis CT47 family, member 7 ///cancer/testis CT47 1.71304 CT47.8 /// RP6- family, member 8 /// 166C19.1/// RP6-166C19.10 /// RP6- 166C19.11 /// RP6-166C19.2 /// RP6- 166C19.3/// RP6-166C19.4 /// RP6- 166C19.5 /// RP6-166C19.6 /// RP6- 166C19.9213597_s_at CTDSPL CTD (carboxy-terminal domain, RNA polymerase II,polypeptide 1.93739 A) small phosphatas 209617_s_at CTNND2 catenin(cadherin-associated protein), delta 2 (neural plakophilin- 1.50335related arm-r 203917_at CXADR coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor2.66153 231389_at CXorf41 chromosome X open reading frame 41 1.976771553466_at CXorf59 chromosome X open reading frame 59 2.19023 235991_atCYB5RL cytochrome b5 reductase-like −1.53055 216809_at CYLC1 cylicin,basic protein of sperm head cytoskeleton 1 1.90782 207780_at CYLC2cylicin, basic protein of sperm head cytoskeleton 2 1.65232 240863_atCYP19A1 cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 2.21129214235_at CYP3A5 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 51.80203 205939_at CYP3A7 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A,polypeptide 7 1.70992 205472_s_at DACH1 dachshund homolog 1 (Drosophila)1.65928 239738_at DACH2 dachshund homolog 2 (Drosophila) 1.510341562772_a_at DAND5 DAN domain family, member 5 1.73689 238757_at DBF4BDBF4 homolog B (S. cerevisiae) −1.67188 238508_at DBF4B DBF4 homolog B(S. cerevisiae) −1.81109 205369_x_at DBT dihydrolipoamide branched chaintransacylase E2 1.72887 213865_at DCBLD2 discoidin, CUB and LCCL domaincontaining 2 1.55339 205399_at DCLK1 doublecortin-like kinase 1 1.62886215303_at DCLK1 doublecortin-like kinase 1 3.56201 201893_x_at DCNdecorin 1.94418 227561_at DDR2 discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase2 1.53865 223662_x_at DDX59 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 591.55041 1553002_at DEFB105A /// defensin, beta 105A /// defensin, beta105B 1.94929 DEFB105B 1552411_at DEFB106A /// defensin, beta 106A ///defensin, beta 106B 1.9024 DEFB106B 1563450_at DEFB107A /// defensin,beta 107A /// defensin, beta 107B 3.12379 DEFB107B 1562167_a_at DEFB122defensin, beta 122 (pseudogene) 1.58206 207356_at DEFB4 defensin, beta 41.95828 238917_s_at DENND5B DENN/MADD domain containing 5B −1.87705234071_at DEPDC6 DEP domain containing 6 1.54924 216947_at DES desmin4.20247 1553524_at DGKB diacylglycerol kinase, beta 90 kDa 2.81068203699_s_at DIO2 deiodinase, iodothyronine, type II 1.61583 1557633_atDKFZp434K191 POM121 membrane glycoprotein-like 1 pseudogene 1.870341569476_at DKFZP434L187 CDNA clone IMAGE: 5022014 3.78072 206819_atDKFZP434P211 POM121 membrane glycoprotein-like 1 pseudogene 2.57115222253_s_at DKFZP434P211 POM121 membrane glycoprotein-like 1 pseudogene5.5328 216877_at DKFZp686O1327 EST clone 251800 mariner transposonHsmar1 sequence 2.46877 224199_at DKK2 dickkopf homolog 2 (Xenopuslaevis) 1.52116 242631_x_at DLC1 deleted in liver cancer 1 1.70843233056_x_at DLGAP4 discs, large (Drosophila) homolog-associated protein4 1.52268 207147_at DLX2 distal-less homeobox 2 2.38281 239309_at DLX6distal-less homeobox 6 4.54905 220493_at DMRT1 doublesex and mab-3related transcription factor 1 2.29697 237804_at DNAH11 Axonemal dyneinheavy chain (DNAH11), partial 1.71964 1560416_at DNAH11 dynein,axonemal, heavy chain 11 2.87499 220725_x_at DNAH3 Dynein, axonemal,heavy chain 3 (DNAH3), mRNA 1.58728 1552675_at DNAJB7 DnaJ (Hsp40)homolog, subfamily B, member 7 1.69507 1558501_at DNM3 dynamin 3 1.56409214844_s_at DOK5 docking portein 5 2.18827 207789_s_at DPP6dipeptidyl-peptidase 6 1.51336 231385_at DPPA3 /// developmentalpluripotency associated 3 /// germ and embryonic 2.12291 STELLAR stemcell enriche 241199_x_at DPPA4 developmental pluripotency associated 44.80564 1557290_at DPY19L2 /// dpy-19-like 2 (C. elegans) ///dpy-19-like 2 pseudogene 1 (C. elegans) 1.62779 DPY19L2P1 /// /// dpy-1DPY19L2P2 /// DPY19L2P4 240218_at DSCAM Down syndrome cell adhesionmolecule 1.59287 1552708_a_at DUSP19 dual specificity phosphatase 192.25968 204014_at DUSP4 dual specificity phosphatase 4 1.675361569843_at DYNC1I1 dynein, cytoplasmic 1, intermediate chain 1 1.788911565149_at DYNC2H1 dynein, cytoplasmic 2, heavy chain 1 2.12554204271_s_at EDNRB endothelin receptor type B 1.68002 1558300_at EFCAB5EF-hand calcium binding domain 5 2.24756 233814_at EFNA5 Receptortyrosine kinase ligand LERK-7 precursor (EPLG7) 1.57917 219454_at EGFL6EGF-like-domain, multiple 6 1.63159 1565483_at EGFR epidermal growthfactor receptor (erythroblastic leukemia viral 1.75454 (v-erb-b) oncoge219850_s_at EHF ets homologous factor 2.15949 232360_at EHF etshomologous factor 2.97474 208427_s_at ELAVL2 ELAV (embryonic lethal,abnormal vision, Drosophila)-like 2 1.52696 (Hu antigen B) 228260_atELAVL2 ELAV (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila)-like 24.26399 (Hu antigen B) 227612_at ELAVL3 ELAV (embryonic lethal, abnormalvision, Drosophila)-like 3 6.80428 (Hu antigen C) 238073_at ELAVL4 ELAV(embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila)-like 4 1.54026 (Huantigen D) 229581_at ELFN1 extracellular leucine-rich repeat andfibronectin type III domain 1.84175 containing 1 1565254_s_at ELLelongation factor RNA polymerase II 2.51255 1557836_at ELMOD2ELMO/CED-12 domain containing 2 (ELMOD2), mRNA 1.86018 219134_at ELTD1EGF, latrophilin and seven transmembrane domain containing 1 2.15765219436_s_at EMCN endomucin 1.94422 1553672_at ENAH enabled homolog(Drosophila) 1.64531 205066_s_at ENPP1 ectonucleotidepyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 1.63382 205065_at ENPP1ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 1.52899 229292_atEPB41L5 erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 5 −1.50762206070_s_at EPHA3 EPH receptor A3 2.33775 211164_at EPHA3 EPH receptorA3 4.39517 216837_at EPHA5 EPH receptor A5 3.21486 229288_at EPHA7 EPHreceptor A7 1.56981 216999_at EPOR erythropoietin receptor 2.17646202454_s_at ERBB3 v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogenehomolog 3 1.58154 (avian) 206794_at ERBB4 v-erb-a erythroblasticleukemia viral oncogene homolog 4 (avian) 1.84155 233498_at ERBB4v-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4 (avian) 1.68382214053_at ERBB4 v-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4(avian) 3.22256 216440_at ERC1 RAB6 interacting protein 2, mRNA (cDNAclone 2.35068 IMAGE: 4343516) 1569583_at EREG epiregulin 1.55022213365_at ERI2 exoribonuclease 2 −1.60968 1564473_at ESCO2 Clone 305-4GmRNA sequence 1.51202 235588_at ESCO2 establishment of cohesion 1homolog 2 (S. cerevisiae) 2.61641 209966_x_at ESRRG estrogen-relatedreceptor gamma 1.74023 224454_at ETNK1 ethanolamine kinase 1 1.50058206501_x_at ETV1 ets variant 1 1.64042 230102_at ETV5 Ets-relatedprotein 1.68286 243277_x_at EVI1 ecotropic viral integration site 12.35623 208298_at EVI5 ecotropic viral integration site 5 2.18273207327_at EYA4 eyes absent homolog 4 (Drosophila) 2.48321 1569592_a_atF11 coagulation factor XI 2.291 220575_at FAM106A family with sequencesimilarity 106, member A 1.54075 209074_s_at FAM107A family withsequence similarity 107, member A 1.63185 1557129_a_at FAM111B familywith sequence similarity 111, member B 2.02161 212979_s_at FAM115Afamily with sequence similarity 115, member A 1.61927 1555944_at FAM120Afamily with sequence similarity 120A −1.5885 1552323_s_at FAM122C familywith sequence similarity 122C −1.54021 1553720_a_at FAM123A family withsequence similarity 123A 1.51994 235465_at FAM123A family with sequencesimilarity 123A 1.86652 230496_at FAM123A family with sequencesimilarity 123A 2.50999 231396_s_at FAM126A family with sequencesimilarity 126, member A −1.50922 223625_at FAM126A family with sequencesimilarity 126, member A −1.81004 239481_at FAM133A family with sequencesimilarity 133, member A 4.33493 1569025_s_at FAM13A1 family withsequence similarity 13, member A1 1.57074 222291_at FAM149A family withsequence similarity 149, member A 2.00081 214825_at FAM155A family withsequence similarity 155, member A 1.68899 230869_at FAM155A family withsequence similarity 155, member A 4.25508 242687_at FAM160A1 family withsequence similarity 160, member A1 1.63033 213304_at FAM179B family withsequence similarity 179, member B −1.60915 230539_at FAM182A family withsequence similarity 182, member A 1.57619 216053_x_at FAM182A CDNAFLJ38374 fis, clone FEBRA2002552 1.70561 222205_x_at FAM182B /// familywith sequence similarity 182, member B /// hypothetical 2.46888RP13-401N8.2 gene supported by 234945_at FAM54A family with sequencesimilarity 54, member A 2.36602 234331_s_at FAM84A family with sequencesimilarity 84, member A 1.85031 1555538_s_at FAM9B family with sequencesimilarity 9, member B 1.61504 1568889_at FANCD2 Fanconi anemia,complementation group D2 1.62037 1568891_x_at FANCD2 Fanconi anemia,complementation group D2 2.51522 239246_at FARP1 CDEP 1.90491 201579_atFAT1 FAT tumor suppressor homolog 1 (Drosophila) 2.29159 1558964_at FAT3FAT tumor suppressor homolog 3 (Drosophila) 1.55077 1560490_at FAT3 FATtumor suppressor homolog 3 (Drosophila) 1.79133 236029_at FAT3 FAT tumorsuppressor homolog 3 (Drosophila) 4.17669 233087_at FBXL17 F-box andleucine-rich repeat protein 17 1.83402 218875_s_at FBXO5 F-box protein 5−1.6348 224402_s_at FCRL4 Fc receptor-like 4 1.66601 224403_at FCRL4 Fcreceptor-like 4 3.64968 1555136_at FGD6 FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domaincontaining 6 2.22566 214589_at FGF12 fibroblast growth factor 12 1.87587231523_at FGF14 fibroblast growth factor 14 2.00116 214284_s_at FGF18Fibroblast growth factor 18, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE: 10529 1.54076IMAGE: 3948893) 220394_at FGF20 fibroblast growth factor 20 1.85663210311_at FGF5 fibroblast growth factor 5 1.59913 205782_at FGF7fibroblast growth factor 7 (keratinocyte growth factor) 1.67479239710_at FIGN fidgetin 4.1857 238964_at FIGN fidgetin 2.656031556325_at FILIP1 filamin A interacting protein 1 2.16122 1570515_a_atFILIP1 filamin A interacting protein 1 1.86592 223667_at FKBP7 FK506binding protein 7 1.51179 220828_s_at FLJ11292 hypothetical proteinFLJ11292 1.81486 215187_at FLJ11292 hypothetical protein FLJ112922.15766 1564160_at FLJ16686 FLJ16686 protein 1.79597 234830_at FLJ20518similar to FSHD region gene 2 protein 2.17839 221172_at FLJ21075hypothetical protein FLJ21075 1.7343 233604_at FLJ22763 hypotheticalgene supported by AK026416 2.69416 217016_x_at FLJ23172 /// hypotheticalLOC389177 /// transmembrane protein 212 1.7451 TMEM212 1553614_a_atFLJ25694 hypothetical protein FLJ25694 1.723 241953_at FLJ25694 ///hypothetical protein FLJ25694 /// keratin associated protein 21-11.67966 KRTAP21-1 1557155_a_at FLJ30375 CDNA clone IMAGE: 5301781 2.6058241440_at FLJ30375 hypothetical gene supported by AK054937 2.70383236739_at FLJ30594 CDNA FLJ34044 fis, clone FCBBF2007080 3.419741553775_at FLJ31715 hypothetical protein FLJ31715 −1.57858 1553354_a_atFLJ31958 hypothetical protein FLJ31958 1.71642 230047_at FLJ32810hypothetical protein FLJ32810 1.76353 1553472_at FLJ32955 hypotheticalprotein FLJ32955 2.65054 1569378_at FLJ33297 CDNA FLJ33297 fis, cloneBNGH42001406 1.76909 1553335_x_at FLJ34047 hypothetical protein FLJ340471.59989 1559277_at FLJ35700 hypothetical protein FLJ35700 1.666161557206_at FLJ35848 hypothetical protein FLJ35848 2.97097 1566480_x_atFLJ35848 Hypothetical protein FLJ35848, mRNA (cDNA clone 2.19166 IMAGE:5402642) 1557895_at FLJ35934 FLJ35934 protein 2.05515 1561171_a_atFLJ36131 /// hypothetical protein FLJ36131 /// hypothetical protein1.78937 LOC100131452 LOC100131452 /// transmem /// LOC100132025 ///LOC100132566 /// LOC100132727 /// LOC729272 1560790_at FLJ36144hypothetical protein FLJ36144 2.06719 1556558_s_at FLJ36665 hypotheticalprotein FLJ36665 −1.73079 231527_at FLJ36840 CDNA FLJ36840 fis, cloneASTRO2011461 1.66566 1558579_at FLJ37786 hypothetical LOC642691 2.45337242683_at FLJ38028 hypothetical gene supported by AK095347 1.51579242546_at FLJ39632 hypothetical LOC642477 2.20629 239010_at FLJ39632CDNA clone IMAGE: 5270501 2.23008 231882_at FLJ39632 /// hypotheticalLOC642477 /// similar to double homeobox A 2.09022 LOC1001311391566665_at FLJ40176 hypothetical LOC121951 1.68357 1568698_at FLJ43080hypothetical protein LOC642987 2.07737 1565786_x_at FLJ45482hypothetical LOC645566 1.60292 240259_at FLRT2 CDNA FLJ51243 completecds, highly similar to Leucine-rich 2.20213 repeat transmembrane219250_s_at FLRT3 fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein 31.59215 1559244_at FMN2 formin 2 2.22149 223618_at FMN2 formin 2 1.85606231231_at FMNL3 KIAA2014 protein 2.66876 226930_at FNDC1 fibronectintype III domain containing 1 1.78354 217483_at FOLH1 folate hydrolase(prostate-specific membrane antigen) 1 2.41619 217487_x_at FOLH1 folatehydrolase (prostate-specific membrane antigen) 1 4.54562 40284_at FOXA2forkhead box A2 3.21218 1553613_s_at FOXC1 forkhead box C1 1.8881206018_at FOXG1 forkhead box G1 1.85819 235201_at FOXP2 forkhead box P22.75837 1555352_at FOXP2 forkhead box P2 1.7166 230964_at FREM2 FRAS1related extracellular matrix protein 2 4.03728 243689_s_at FRG1BHypothetical protein LOC283788, mRNA (cDNA clone 2.17705 MGC: 23868IMAGE: 4297267) 234949_at FRG1B Hypothetical protein LOC283788, mRNA(cDNA clone 2.27959 MGC: 23868 IMAGE: 4297267) 207178_s_at FRKfyn-related kinase 1.87638 1570207_at FRRS1 ferric-chelate reductase 12.89483 1562625_at FRYL FRY-like 1.99342 244419_at FRZB Fritz 1.54036230904_at FSD1L fibronectin type III and SPRY domain containing 1-like−1.99072 223985_at FSD1L fibronectin type III and SPRY domain containing1-like 1.83509 207345_at FST follistatin 2.76648 203705_s_at FZD7frizzled homolog 7 (Drosophila) 1.55517 1553024_at G30 protein LG30-like2.51805 222187_x_at G3BP1 GTPase activating protein (SH3 domain) bindingprotein 1 1.62305 206952_at G6PC glucose-6-phosphatase, catalyticsubunit 2.12833 238569_at GABBR1 GABA-BR1a (hGB1a) receptor −1.61754209990_s_at GABBR2 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor, 2 1.59875233437_at GABRA4 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 43.25934 207010_at GABRB1 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, beta1 2.42007 242344_at GABRB2 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor,beta 2 5.10676 1557122_s_at GABRB2 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Areceptor, beta 2 8.54122 229724_at GABRB3 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor, beta 3 1.55943 1563533_at GADL1 glutamate decarboxylase-like1 4.0883 208283_at GAGE1 G antigen 1 2.39924 207739_s_at GAGE1 /// Gantigen 1 /// G antigen 12F /// G antigen 12G /// G antigen 12I 2.7548GAGE12F /// /// G antigen GAGE12G /// GAGE12I /// GAGE12J /// GAGE2A ///GAGE2B /// GAGE2C /// GAGE2D /// GAGE2E /// GAGE3 /// GAGE4 /// GAGE5/// GAGE6 /// GAGE7 /// GAGE8 237183_at GALNT5 CDNA FLJ75131 completecds, highly similar to Homo sapiens 1.57858 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-240390_at GALNT5 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-4.19183 acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 236361_at GALNTL2UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N- 1.9112acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 220124_at GAN gigaxonin 1.78227204471_at GAP43 growth associated protein 43 1.67109 219954_s_at GBA3glucosidase, beta, acid 3 (cytosolic) 1.56599 230788_at GCNT2glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 2, I-branching enzyme (1 −1.71043blood group) 236548_at GIPC2 GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 22.02931 230258_at GLIS3 GLIS family zinc finger 3 2.8996 244680_at GLRBglycine receptor, beta 1.90493 235371_at GLT8D4 glycosyltransferase 8domain containing 4 1.5501 1554712_a_at GLYATL2glycine-N-acyltransferase-like 2 2.06041 204763_s_at GNAO1 guaninenucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating 2.09098activity polype 229274_at GNAS Adenyl cyclase mRNA −1.62372 207166_atGNGT1 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 1.92988transducing activity polyp 204324_s_at GOLIM4 golgi integral membraneprotein 4 1.65786 1555199_at GOSR1 golgi SNAP receptor complex member 13.06916 1553879_a_at GOT1L1 glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1-like 11.59882 1553878_at GOT1L1 glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1-like 11.95653 215554_at GPLD1 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specificphospholipase D1 1.54336 236024_at GPM6A glycoprotein M6A 2.04441212950_at GPR116 G protein-coupled receptor 116 1.52524 212951_at GPR116G protein-coupled receptor 116 1.57258 1555122_at GPR125 Gprotein-coupled receptor 125 2.42496 233887_at GPR126 G protein-coupledreceptor 126 1.58837 1553025_at GPR126 G protein-coupled receptor 1261.68374 209631_s_at GPR37 G protein-coupled receptor 37 (endothelinreceptor type B-like) 1.56859 219898_at GPR85 G protein-coupled receptor85 2.09828 238049_at GRAMD3 GRAM domain containing 3 2.61185 206204_atGRB14 growth factor receptor-bound protein 14 2.23024 235504_at GREM2gremlin 2, cysteine knot superfamily, homolog (Xenopus laevis) 1.50319219388_at GRHL2 grainyhead-like 2 (Drosophila) 2.33499 205358_at GRIA2glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 2 2.02789 206730_at GRIA3 glutamatereceptor, ionotrophic, AMPA 3 2.12652 213845_at GRIK2 glutamatereceptor, ionotrophic, kainate 2 1.74884 205814_at GRM3 glutamatereceptor, metabotropic 3 2.30621 207235_s_at GRM5 glutamate receptor,metabotropic 5 2.95593 207548_at GRM7 glutamate receptor, metabotropic 71.64049 216992_s_at GRM8 glutamate receptor, metabotropic 8 1.54515235387_at GSTCD glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain containing−1.51561 242656_at GTF2H1 General transcription factor IIH, polypeptide1, 62 kDa −1.65352 (GTF2H1), transcript vari 204237_at GULP1 GULP,engulfment adaptor PTB domain containing 1 1.726 204235_s_at GULP1 GULP,engulfment adaptor PTB domain containing 1 1.67838 215695_s_at GYG2glycogenin 2 1.67125 1559520_at GYPA Glycophorin A 3.86167 205523_atHAPLN1 hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 1.50177 230895_atHAPLN1 hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 2.33681 232848_athCG_1795283 hCG1818123 1.60873 232239_at hCG_2024094 hCG2024094 −1.88082216229_x_at HCG2P7 HLA complex group 2 pseudogene 7 1.77053 1556351_atHCN1 hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium2.3437 channel 1 232414_at HEATR1 HEAT repeat containing 1 1.52452210331_at HECW1 HECT, C2 and WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein1.90413 ligase 1 233075_at HERC2P7 hect domain and RLD 2 pseudogene 71.58465 1555318_at HIF3A hypoxia inducible factor 3, alpha subunit2.41676 216548_x_at HMG4L high-mobility group (nonhistone chromosomal)protein 4-like 1.68308 228772_at HNMT histamine N-methyltransferase−1.93357 217353_at HNRNPA1 /// heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteinA1 /// heterogeneous 1.6011 HNRNPA1L2 nuclear ribonucleop /// HNRPA1L-2/// HNRPA1P5 /// LOC100128836 /// LOC120364 /// LOC391670 /// LOC402112/// LOC440125 /// LOC642817 /// LOC643033 /// LOC644037 /// LOC645001/// LOC728170 /// LOC728643 /// LOC728732 /// LOC729102 /// LOC729366/// LOC730246 227566_at HNT neurotrimin 2.73516 213793_s_at HOMER1 homerhomolog 1 (Drosophila) 1.91311 1566140_at HOPX HOP homeobox 1.73184218959_at HOXC10 homeobox C10 1.72818 206858_s_at HOXC4 /// homeobox C4/// homeobox C6 2.37146 HOXC6 229400_at HOXD10 homeobox D10 2.16969219985_at HS3ST3A1 heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase3A1 1.65808 232276_at HS6ST3 heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 32.29584 206639_at HTN1 histatin 1 1.56385 206786_at HTN3 histatin 32.99589 207577_at HTR4 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 41.55186 211740_at ICA1 islet cell autoantigen 1, 69 kDa 2.1923213450_s_at ICOSLG inducible T-cell co-stimulator ligand −1.56491209291_at ID4 inhibitor of DNA binding 4, dominant negativehelix-loop-helix 2.00627 protein 236478_at IFNAR1 Interferon (alpha,beta and omega) receptor 1, mRNA (cDNA −1.50715 clone IMAGE: 4391580)209540_at IGF1 insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C) 2.21842211959_at IGFBP5 insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 1.8742214973_x_at IGHD immunoglobulin heavy constant delta −1.81338 220567_atIKZF2 IKAROS family zinc finger 2 (Helios) 1.53299 205992_s_at IL15interleukin 15 −1.73897 220663_at IL1RAPL1 interleukin 1 receptoraccessory protein-like 1 2.89062 222698_s_at IMPACT Impact homolog(mouse) −1.54815 222250_s_at INTS7 integrator complex subunit 7 −1.53873228946_at INTU inturned planar cell polarity effector homolog(Drosophila) 1.66051 1557770_at IPO11 importin 11 2.19277 241834_at IPWimprinted in Prader-Willi syndrome (non-protein coding) 2.05282229538_s_at IQGAP3 IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 32.32378 1553949_at IQSEC3 IQ motif and Sec7 domain 3 1.82434 242694_atIQSEC3 /// IQ motif and Sec7 domain 3 /// similar to IQ motif and Sec72.81166 LOC100134209 domain-containing pr /// LOC731035 1568924_a_atIQUB IQ motif and ubiquitin domain containing 2.23724 206104_at ISL1 ISLLIM homeobox 1 2.04554 242982_x_at ITGB8 integrin, beta 8 1.726451557080_s_at ITGBL1 integrin, beta-like 1 (with EGF-like repeat domains)1.58327 214927_at ITGBL1 integrin, beta-like 1 (with EGF-like repeatdomains) 2.53432 242788_at JMJD2D jumonji domain containing 2D 1.7149216763_at KANK1 KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 1, mRNA (cDNA clone1.90238 MGC: 43128 IMAGE: 5261060) 229125_at KANK4 KN motif and ankyrinrepeat domains 4 2.24666 1555673_at KAP2.1B /// keratin associatedprotein 2.1B /// keratin associated protein 2-4 1.99107 KRTAP2-4 /// ///hypotheti LOC644350 /// LOC728285 /// LOC728934 /// LOC730755 208123_atKCNB2 potassium voltage-gated channel, Shab-related subfamily, 2.26862member 2 1555074_a_at KCNH5 potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily H(eag-related), 2.34582 member 5 240591_at KCNIP4 CDNA FLJ59677 completecds, highly similar to Kv channel- 1.77751 interacting protein 4210179_at KCNJ13 potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J,member 13 1.61478 219564_at KCNJ16 potassium inwardly-rectifyingchannel, subfamily J, member 16 2.4536 208404_x_at KCNJ5 potassiuminwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 5 1.52838 244455_atKCNT2 potassium channel, subfamily T, member 2 1.96504 222664_at KCTD15potassium channel tetramerisation domain containing 15 −1.52793222668_at KCTD15 potassium channel tetramerisation domain containing 15−1.53961 209781_s_at KHDRBS3 KH domain containing, RNA binding, signaltransduction 1.64262 associated 3 207161_at KIAA0087 KIAA0087 1.89736227231_at KIAA1211 KIAA1211 protein 1.60476 232762_at KIAA1217 KIAA12171.727 235956_at KIAA1377 KIAA1377 1.59988 233977_at KIAA1772 KIAA17721.50426 236518_at KIAA1984 KIAA1984 −1.58518 244427_at KIF23 Mitotickinesin-like protein-1 (MKLP-1 gene) 2.12055 220652_at KIF24 kinesinfamily member 24 1.59148 234307_s_at KIF26A kinesin family member 26A−1.73607 220657_at KLHL11 kelch-like 11 (Drosophila) −1.60971 210634_atKLHL20 kelch-like 20 (Drosophila) −1.58643 1553873_at KLHL34 kelch-like34 (Drosophila) 1.61075 211138_s_at KMO kynurenine 3-monooxygenase(kynurenine 3-hydroxylase) −1.69994 205306_x_at KMO kynurenine3-monooxygenase (kynurenine 3-hydroxylase) −1.72294 243998_at KRT222Pkeratin 222 pseudogene 1.64083 210662_at KYNU kynureninase (L-kynureninehydrolase) −2.0753 1552490_at LACE1 lactation elevated 1 1.753 215516_atLAMB4 laminin, beta 4 2.22608 229953_x_at LCA5 Leber congenitalamaurosis 5 1.5775 213371_at LDB3 LIM domain binding 3 4.85498 207409_atLECT2 leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 3.74939 207092_at LEP leptin1.65443 236761_at LHFPL3 lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 3 1.57304206140_at LHX2 LIM homeobox 2 3.42338 225571_at LIFR leukemia inhibitoryfactor receptor alpha 2.72636 212328_at LIMCH1 LIM and calponin homologydomains 1 1.8332 212327_at LIMCH1 LIM and calponin homology domains 12.30917 212325_at LIMCH1 LIM and calponin homology domains 1 1.61665232457_at LIMCH1 LIM and calponin homology domains 1, mRNA (cDNA clone1.61154 MGC: 16598 IMAGE: 4110496) 219823_at LIN28 lin-28 homolog (C.elegans) 1.63702 229349_at LIN28B lin-28 homolog B (C. elegans) 2.03446241957_x_at LIN7B lin-7 homolog B (C. elegans) −1.54121 219181_at LIPGlipase, endothelial 1.55778 242178_at LIPI lipase, member I 1.97767216543_at LOC100093698 unknown transcript 1.53623 217655_at LOC100127972hypothetical LOC100127972 −1.67943 224095_at LOC100128175 similar toPRO2591 1.71793 207478_at LOC100128329 similar to PRO2958 1.77096229999_at LOC100128416 Full length insert cDNA clone ZE12A08 −1.51964215590_x_at LOC100128640 PREDICTED: Homo sapiens hypothetical protein1.71347 LOC100128640 (LOC100128640), mRNA 240395_at LOC100128727hypothetical LOC100128727 1.50691 244723_at LOC100129488 hypotheticalprotein LOC100129488 4.89676 244518_at LOC100130452 similar tohCG1777700 1.67252 1560425_s_at LOC100130868 hypothetical proteinLOC100130868 1.784 215301_at LOC100130958 hypothetical proteinLOC100130958 2.02489 1565814_at LOC100131040 hypothetical proteinLOC100131040 /// tripartite motif- 1.71106 /// TRIM36 containing 36211341_at LOC100131317 similar to hCG1781072 /// POU class 4 homeobox 11.57041 /// POU4F1 237711_at LOC100131980 similar to zinc finger protein705A /// zinc finger protein 705G- 1.78011 /// ZNF705G like 1561170_atLOC100132025 transmembrane domain-containing protein ENSP00000320207-2.28603 like 236181_at LOC100132181 PREDICTED: Homo sapiens hypotheticalprotein 2.60614 LOC100132181 (LOC100132181), mRNA 243336_at LOC100132726hypothetical protein LOC100132726 −1.55162 1558640_a_at LOC100132788MRNA (fetal brain cDNA e2_2g) 3.6619 241821_at LOC100132894 hypotheticalprotein LOC100132894 3.24026 227631_at LOC100133283 PREDICTED: Homosapiens hypothetical protein 1.58351 LOC100133283 (LOC100133283), mRNA224110_at LOC100133319 PRO1804 1.87425 1562974_at LOC100133899hypothetical protein LOC100133899 1.8921 1556704_s_at LOC100133920hypothetical protein LOC100133920 /// hypothetical protein 2.36676 ///LOC286297 LOC286297 1557617_at LOC100189589 hypothetical LOC1001895892.06679 229994_at LOC100190890 MRNA; cDNA DKFZp686J23256 (from clone2.00185 DKFZp686J23256) 234493_at LOC116437 hypothetical proteinLOC116437 1.59059 242469_at LOC120376 Uncharacterized protein LOC120376(LOC120376), mRNA 1.77817 1555988_a_at LOC126536 hypothetical proteinLOC126536 2.167 229178_at LOC145786 hypothetical protein LOC1457861.58445 229073_at LOC145786 CDNA FLJ13221 fis, clone NT2RP40020753.33323 232450_at LOC149351 hypothetical protein LOC149351 1.853181561343_a_at LOC150005 hypothetical protein LOC150005 1.86593 239965_atLOC151878 hypothetical protein LOC151878 2.92204 215978_x_at LOC152719hypothetical protein LOC152719 1.56227 239691_at LOC196415 hypotheticalprotein LOC196415 1.53729 232370_at LOC254057 hypothetical proteinLOC254057 1.6305 1562501_at LOC255177 hypothetical protein LOC2551771.66618 1562527_at LOC283027 hypothetical protein LOC283027 5.387991563854_s_at LOC283045 hypothetical protein LOC283045 1.50235 1558195_atLOC283404 hypothetical protein LOC283404 2.28078 1556425_a_at LOC284219hypothetical protein LOC284219 2.26468 214162_at LOC284244 hypotheticalprotein LOC284244 3.07805 1563009_at LOC284930 Homo sapiens, cloneIMAGE: 5538478, mRNA 1.86884 1557267_s_at LOC284952 hypothetical proteinLOC284952 1.61866 1557570_a_at LOC285084 hypothetical protein LOC2850842.38931 1558601_at LOC285194 hypothetical LOC285194 1.54813 1556528_atLOC285326 hypothetical protein LOC285326 1.57263 1561096_at LOC285419hypothetical protein LOC285419 1.77787 1557107_at LOC286002 hypotheticalprotein LOC286002 1.88346 1556573_s_at LOC286178 hypothetical proteinLOC286178 1.76489 1556421_at LOC286189 hypothetical protein LOC2861892.18301 240545_at LOC286382 hypothetical protein LOC286382 1.917941557717_at LOC338862 hypothetical protein LOC338862 3.97958 1557534_atLOC339862 hypothetical protein LOC339862 1.51746 1560823_at LOC340017hypothetical protein LOC340017 2.06515 1563589_at LOC340184 hypotheticalprotein LOC340184 1.9 1557664_at LOC340239 PREDICTED: Homo sapienshypothetical protein LOC340239, 1.67247 transcript variant 2 (LO1559002_at LOC340544 hypothetical protein LOC340544 −1.5369 235606_atLOC344595 hypothetical LOC344595 5.65601 1563022_at LOC347475 UPF0625coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2.7715 ENSP00000359845 1558423_atLOC349114 Homo sapiens, clone IMAGE: 4385460, mRNA 1.6894 233879_atLOC374491 TPTE and PTEN homologous inositol lipid phosphatase 2.23513pseudogene 1558982_at LOC375010 hypothetical LOC375010 2.624071558425_x_at LOC388312 /// hypothetical LOC388312 /// hypotheticalLOC728417 /// 1.50876 LOC728417 /// hypothetical LOC729737 /// LOC729737/// LOC730235 1560773_at LOC388458 hypothetical gene supported byBC040718 1.99159 1560119_at LOC389634 hypothetical LOC389634 1.56826226582_at LOC400043 hypothetical gene supported by BC009385 1.764271561414_at LOC401497 similar to PRO2738 2.43388 1561997_at LOC440061PREDICTED: Homo sapiens misc RNA (LOC440061), 1.61784 miscRNA 240268_atLOC440117 hypothetical gene supported by BC037858 1.82436 214984_atLOC440345 hypothetical protein LOC440345 4.24873 244766_at LOC440354 ///PI-3-kinase-related kinase SMG-1 pseudogene /// PI-3-kinase- 1.64874LOC595101 /// related kinase SMG-1 LOC641298 /// LOC728423 /// LOC729513/// SMG1 216193_at LOC440366 heet domain and RLD 2 pseudogene 1.813631562558_at LOC440704 hypothetical gene supported by BC042042 2.40362224426_s_at LOC440888 ARP3 actin-related protein 3 homolog B pseudogene3.36427 224424_x_at LOC440888 ARP3 actin-related protein 3 homolog Bpseudogene 2.83853 224425_x_at LOC440888 ARP3 actin-related protein 3homolog B pseudogene 3.33132 229095_s_at LOC440895 LIM and senescentcell antigen-like domains 3-like 2.24538 222207_x_at LOC441258 CDNA:FLJ20949 fis, clone ADSE01902 1.70745 220771_at LOC51152 melanomaantigen 2.14963 220893_at LOC57399 uncharacterized gastric protein ZA52P1.76081 1559459_at LOC613266 hypothetical LOC613266 −2.71264 1561098_atLOC641365 hypothetical protein LOC641365 1.59224 1562223_at LOC642426hypothetical LOC642426 2.36874 1554996_at LOC643955 /// zinc fingerprotein 479 pseudogene /// zinc finger protein 479 /// 3.79321 ZNF479/// zinc finger p ZNF727 215625_at LOC644450 hypothetical proteinLOC644450 1.56502 1566145_s_at LOC644450 hypothetical protein LOC6444502.02346 227976_at LOC644538 hypothetical protein LOC644538 1.58277230902_at LOC645323 CDNA clone IMAGE: 5260726 2.44976 238850_atLOC645323 hypothetical LOC645323 2.41121 1561760_s_at LOC645513 CDNAclone IMAGE: 5276804 −1.54359 1564200_at LOC646324 hypotheticalLOC646324 1.94425 1568933_at LOC646627 phospholipase inhibitor 1.90895215467_x_at LOC647070 hypothetical LOC647070 1.69676 1561492_atLOC647107 hypothetical protein LOC647107 4.0125 232696_at LOC648556uncharacterized gastric protein ZA43P 2.36077 217998_at LOC652993 ///hypothetical LOC652993 /// pleckstrin homology-like domain, 1.57414PHLDA1 family A, member 1 1557094_at LOC653110 hypothetical LOC6531105.12803 243124_at LOC653390 RRN3 RNA polymerase I transcription factorhomolog (S. cerevisiae) −1.5339 pseudogene 216469_at LOC727867 ///similar to PRED65 /// zinc finger protein ENSP00000344568-like 1.70529LOC729501 /// /// similar to PR LOC729863 /// ZNF834 1559322_atLOC727916 hypothetical protein LOC727916 1.58056 1564856_s_at LOC727924/// hypothetical LOC727924 /// olfactory receptor, family 4, 2.1379OR4N4 subfamily N, member 4 1558828_s_at LOC728264 CDNA FLJ36638 fis,clone TRACH2018950 1.50367 231434_at LOC728460 similar to FLJ32921protein 2.51418 1559276_at LOC728606 hypothetical LOC728606 1.59845234562_x_at LOC728678 PREDICTED: Homo sapiens misc_RNA (LOC728678),2.04162 miscRNA 1566465_at LOC728987 MRNA, cDNA DKFZp686I1934 (fromclone DKFZp686I1934) 2.74786 214375_at LOC729222 /// similar tomKIAA1230 protein /// PTPRF interacting protein, 3.23314 PPFIBP1 bindingprotein 1 (1 220167_s_at LOC729355 /// similar to TP53TG3 protein ///TP53 target 3 2.68644 TP53TG3 1563637_at LOC729652 hypothetical proteinLOC729652 1.57589 237899_at LOC729994 hypothetical LOC729994 −1.50022233249_at LOC730200 PREDICTED: Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC7302003.67813 (LOC730200), mRNA 237312_at LOC731477 hypothetical proteinLOC731477 1.62866 1570009_at LOC732096 similar to hCG2040240 4.149371563528_at LOC91149 hypothetical protein LOC91149 1.62561 1557523_atLOC92270 V-type proton ATPase subunit S1-like protein 2.32742 234861_atLOC93463 hypothetical protein LOC93463 1.82869 220244_at LOH3CR2A lossof heterozygosity, 3, chromosomal region 2, gene A 2.47424 235977_atLONRF2 LON peptidase N-terminal domain and ring finger 2 2.03367206960_at LPAR4 lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 4.08642 209866_s_atLPHN3 latrophilin 3 3.07024 230644_at LRFN5 leucine rich repeat andfibronectin type III domain containing 5 2.28648 230863_at LRP2 lowdensity lipoprotein-related protein 2 2.0802 1562939_at LRRC16A leucinerich repeat containing 16A 1.74525 216149_at LRRC37B2 leucine richrepeat containing 37, member B2 2.36761 232226_at LRRC4C leucine richrepeat containing 4C 2.77481 1556427_s_at LRRN4CL LRRN4 C-terminal like1.55275 206144_at MAGI1 membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZdomain 1.70898 containing 1 225465_at MAGI1 membrane associatedguanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain 1.58332 containing 1 226084_at MAP1Bmicrotubule-associated protein 1B 2.91601 1562440_at MAP3K13 Leucinezipper bearing kinase 1.84582 1565131_x_at MAP3K2 mitogen-activatedprotein kinase kinase kinase 2 1.69787 1552928_s_at MAP3K7IP3mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 interacting −1.70651protein 3 235066_at MAP4 microtubule-associated protein 4 1.89346235141_at MARVELD2 MARVEL domain containing 2 1.74329 233634_at MARVELD3MARVEL domain containing 3 1.65824 205018_s_at MBNL2 muscleblind-like 2(Drosophila) −1.60512 1554604_at MBTPS2 membrane-bound transcriptionfactor peptidase, site 2 1.51324 214884_at MCF2 DBL mRNA for DBLproto-oncogene splicing variant 1 1.97103 1559427_at MCF2L KIAA0362 gene1.55068 229797_at MCOLN3 mucolipin 3 −2.39333 212732_at MEG3 maternallyexpressed 3 (non-protein coding) 1.61766 235077_at MEG3 maternallyexpressed 3 (non-protein coding) 2.45959 207480_s_at MEIS2 Meis homeobox2 1.83267 214077_x_at MEIS3P1 Meis homeobox 3 pseudogene 1 1.90099211424_x_at METTL7A methyltransferase like 7A 2.40031 240814_at MGC39584hypothetical gene supported by BC029568 1.77085 238481_at MGP matrix Glaprotein 1.57297 203637_s_at MID1 midline 1 (Opitz/BBB syndrome) 2.074111552572_a_at MIPOL1 mirror-image polydactyly 1 1.96747 239468_at MKXmohawk homeobox 2.02738 238257_at MLLT10 Zinc finger/leucine zipperprotein (AF10) 1.6337 1569998_at MMD2 monocyte to macrophagedifferentiation-associated 2 1.60681 207012_at MMP16 matrixmetallopeptidase 16 (membrane-inserted) 1.87224 208166_at MMP16 matrixmetallopeptidase 16 (membrane-inserted) 2.55402 204575_s_at MMP19 matrixmetallopeptidase 19 −1.70549 220541_at MMP26 matrix metallopeptidase 261.7046 221636_s_at MOSC2 MOCO sulphurase C-terminal domain containing 2−1.522 215692_s_at MPPED2 metallophosphoesterase domain containing 22.9265 205395_s_at MRE11A MRE11 meiotic recombination 11 homolog A (S.cerevisiae) −1.60992 220790_s_at MS4A5 membrane-spanning 4-domains,subfamily A, member 5 1.51834 228473_at MSX1 CDNA FLJ75656 complete cds,highly similar to Homo sapiens 1.71357 msh homeo box homolog 205932_s_atMSX1 msh homeobox 1 2.16058 210319_x_at MSX2 msh homeobox 2 1.60287242996_at MTRF1 mitochondrial translational release factor 1 −1.77601205675_at MTTP microsomal triglyceride transfer protein 1.62218227241_at MUC15 mucin 15, cell surface associated 1.84206 216188_atMYCNOS v-myc myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma1.93694 derived (avian) opp 1568926_x_at MYLK3 myosin light chain kinase3 2.03024 1568925_at MYLK3 myosin light chain kinase 3 1.896361561503_at MYLK4 myosin light chain kinase family, member 4 1.51904237510_at MYNN Myoneurin, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE: 4721583) 2.07478244350_at MYO10 myosin X 2.7656 1554026_a_at MYO10 myosin X 2.164621570141_at MYO5B myosin VB 2.21328 211103_at MYO7A myosin VIIA −1.64785216660_at MYO7B myosin VIIB 1.54433 1554507_at NAALAD2 N-acetylatedalpha-linked acidic dipeptidase 2 1.87347 233815_at NAALAD2 N-acetylatedalpha-linked acidic dipeptidase 2 1.93112 228608_at NALCN sodium leakchannel, non-selective 1.69469 242880_at NALCN sodium leak channel,non-selective 1.75222 220184_at NANOG Nanog homeobox 2.40254 242639_atNARG2 NMDA receptor regulated 2 1.98876 236141_at NBLA00301 Nbla003011.84851 237917_at NBPF8 neuroblastoma breakpoint family, member 8−1.8445 1563728_at NCRNA00032 non-protein coding RNA 32 1.545071559292_s_at NCRNA00032 Clone IMAGE: 2275835 C9orf14 mRNA, partialsequence; 2.20902 alternatively spliced 231491_at NCRNA00113 non-proteincoding RNA 113 2.20943 1569882_at NCRNA00119 non-protein coding RNA 1191.50636 220429_at NDST3 N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (heparanglucosaminyl) 3 2.41867 229461_x_at NEGR1 neuronal growth regulator 11.53956 204641_at NEK2 NIMA (never in mitosis gene a)-related kinase 21.82542 206089_at NELL1 NEL-like 1 (chicken) 1.9916 213438_at NFASCneurofascin homolog (chicken) 1.51334 214799_at NFASC neurofascinhomolog (chicken) 1.74207 236471_at NFE2L3 nuclear factor(erythroid-derived 2)-like 3 −1.94665 213033_s_at NFIB nuclear factorI/B 1.58491 233304_at NFIB HMGIC/NFIB fusion protein (HMGIC/NFIB)1.71392 209289_at NFIB nuclear factor I/B 2.33009 209290_s_at NFIBnuclear factor I/B 3.26376 213032_at NFIB nuclear factor I/B 3.91895230291_s_at NFIB HMGIC/NFIB fusion protein (HMGIC/NFIB) 2.589711555141_a_at NHEDC1 Na+/H+ exchanger domain containing 1 2.544051553633_s_at NHEDC1 Na+/H+ exchanger domain containing 1 2.249051564746_at NHEDC2 Na+/H+ exchanger domain containing 2 1.5816 215228_atNHLH2 nescient helix loop helix 2 1.86841 1554601_at NKAIN2 Na+/K+transporting ATPase interacting 2 1.76903 211024_s_at NKX2-1 NK2homeobox 1 1.7883 205893_at NLGN1 neuroligin 1 2.23077 221933_at NLGN4Xneuroligin 4, X-linked 1.7674 234762_x_at NLN CDNA FLJ39097 fis, cloneNTONG2000977, highly similar to 1.62853 Neurolysin, mitochondri1552712_a_at NMNAT2 nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 21.52782 206045_s_at NOL4 nucleolar protein 4 2.539 1560974_s_at NOS1nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) 1.5825 232158_x_at NPAL1 NIPA-likedomain containing 1 1.9677 220128_s_at NPAL2 NIPA-like domain containing2 −1.5032 220316_at NPAS3 neuronal PAS domain protein 3 1.69165229281_at NPAS3 neuronal PAS domain protein 3 1.8588 230412_at NPAS3neuronal PAS domain protein 3 2.2537 211585_at NPAT nuclear protein,ataxia-telangiectasia locus 1.94524 238844_s_at NPHP1 nephronophthisis 1(juvenile) 2.41213 225911_at NPNT nephronectin 1.90656 219789_at NPR3natriuretic peptide receptor C/guanylate cyclase C 1.73795(atrionatriuretic peptide rec 207443_at NR2E1 nuclear receptor subfamily2, group E, member 1 1.87607 209119_x_at NR2F2 nuclear receptorsubfamily 2, group F, member 2 2.02969 215073_s_at NR2F2 nuclearreceptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2 1.96135 209121_x_at NR2F2nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2 1.7412 208241_at NRG1neuregulin 1 2.08161 208062_s_at NRG2 neuregulin 2 1.63978 206879_s_atNRG2 neuregulin 2 1.72088 232771_at NRK Nik related kinase 1.88843209914_s_at NRXN1 neurexin 1 1.67775 228547_at NRXN1 neurexin 1 1.66176209915_s_at NRXN1 neurexin 1 1.53885 229649_at NRXN3 neurexin 3 2.45512229463_at NTRK2 neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 1.50597207152_at NTRK2 neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 2.00944215311_at NTRK3 neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3 1.65674215025_at NTRK3 neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3 1.751261562775_at NUDT12 nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-typemotif 12 2.25655 219347_at NUDT15 nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linkedmoiety X)-type motif 15 −1.51719 239748_x_at OCIAD1 OCIA domaincontaining 1 1.50742 231867_at ODZ2 odz, odd Oz/ten-m homolog 2(Drosophila) 3.26427 1554524_a_at OLFM3 olfactomedin 3 1.97192207093_s_at OMG oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein −1.90409 239911_atONECUT2 one cut homeobox 2 1.56079 214111_at OPCML opioid bindingprotein/cell adhesion molecule-like 3.06809 1567657_at OR2H1 olfactoryreceptor, family 2, subfamily H, member 1 1.5335 1567656_at OR2H1Olfactory receptor (6M1-16 gene), exon E variant 2 1.67337 1567246_atOR5H1 olfactory receptor, family 5, subfamily H, member 1 2.391351567247_at OR5H1 olfactory receptor, family 5, subfamily H, member 12.43277 243531_at ORAOV1 oral cancer overexpressed 1 −1.53352 211213_atORC5L origin recognition complex, subunit 5-like (yeast) 1.733581553931_at OSTCL oligosaccharyltransferase complex subunit-like 2.348081555251_a_at OTOF otoferlin −1.90077 238994_at OTUD7B OTU domaincontaining 7B 1.54049 206048_at OVOL2 ovo-like 2 (Drosophila) 3.2046238409_x_at OXR1 oxidation resistance 1 2.67129 243335_at P4HA1 prolyl4-hydroxylase, alpha polypeptide I 1.7653 220403_s_at P53AIP1p53-regulated apoptosis-inducing protein 1 1.58587 220402_at P53AIP1p53-regulated apoptosis-inducing protein 1 2.96255 242912_at P704Pprostate-specific P704P 3.72956 1560770_at PABPC1 Poly(A) bindingprotein, cytoplasmic 1, mRNA (cDNA clone 1.63652 MGC: 12727 IMAGE:4123269 238865_at PABPC4L poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 4-like2.10195 214607_at PAK3 p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 32.88671 210721_s_at PAK7 p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 71.74992 228128_x_at PAPPA pregnancy-associated plasma protein A,pappalysin 1 2.13807 1559400_s_at PAPPA pregnancy-associated plasmaprotein A, pappalysin 1 1.93398 224940_s_at PAPPA pregnancy-associatedplasma protein A, pappalysin 1 4.39116 205834_s_at PART1 prostateandrogen-regulated transcript 1 1.8141 210292_s_at PCDH11X ///protocadherin 11 X-linked /// protocadherin 11 Y-linked 2.55484 PCDH11Y205656_at PCDH17 protocadherin 17 1.50888 227289_at PCDH17 protocadherin17 2.04806 225975_at PCDH18 protocadherin 18 2.30113 232054_at PCDH20protocadherin 20 1.59426 210273_at PCDH7 protocadherin 7 1.72605208205_at PCDHA9 protocadherin alpha 9 1.54772 232415_at PCDHB13protocadherin beta 13 1.76909 231726_at PCDHB14 protocadherin beta 141.62133 232099_at PCDHB16 protocadherin beta 16 2.13788 223927_at PCDHB9protocadherin beta 9 1.7009 234515_at PCGEM1 prostate-specifictranscript 1 (non-protein coding) 1.50251 210650_s_at PCLO piccolo(presynaptic cytomatrix protein) 1.69469 242662_at PCSK6 PACE4A-II2.30596 233547_x_at PDE1A phosphodiesterase 1A, calmodulin-dependent1.80161 231213_at PDE1A phosphodiesterase 1A, calmodulin-dependent1.75945 233549_at PDE1A phosphodiesterase 1A, calmodulin-dependent1.69446 208396_s_at PDE1A phosphodiesterase 1A, calmodulin-dependent2.26838 215575_at PDE4DIP phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein1.79302 231065_at PDE6D P17 protein −1.55018 1554828_at PDGFRAplatelet-derived growth factor receptor, alpha polypeptide 1.53439232288_at PDXDC1 /// pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase domain containing1 /// 1.65294 PDXDC2 pyridoxal-dependent de 238957_at PDXDC2 MRNA; cDNADKFZp761H1120 (from clone 2.03644 DKFZp761H1120) 212092_at PEG10paternally expressed 10 1.60907 230068_s_at PEG3 KIAA0287 gene 1.82316209243_s_at PEG3 /// ZIM2 paternally expressed 3 /// zinc finger,imprinted 2 2.16162 219642_s_at PEX5L peroxisomal biogenesis factor5-like 1.54143 222019_at PFDN6 prefoldin subunit 6 −1.51654 240883_atPFKFB1 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (EC 1.52292.7.1.105, EC 3.1.3.46) 244321_at PGAP1 post-GPI attachment to proteins1 1.62493 215179_x_at PGF Placenta growth factor 2 (PIGF-2) 1.535861554560_at PGM5 phosphoglucomutase 5 4.77525 1560431_at PGM5P1phosphoglucomutase 5 pseudogene 1 1.50207 234405_s_at PHAXphosphorylated adaptor for RNA export −1.66337 1556369_a_at PHKG2phosphorylase kinase, gamma 2 (testis) −1.66594 210919_at PHLPP PHdomain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 2.708 217097_s_atPHTF2 putative homeodomain transcription factor 2 1.54839 237866_at PID1phosphotyrosine interaction domain containing 1 1.52656 1558292_s_atPIGW phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class W −1.79257220041_at PIGZ phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class Z−1.75754 215129_at PIK3C2G phosphoinositide-3-kinase, class 2, gammapolypeptide 1.96389 214868_at PIWIL1 piwi-like 1 (Drosophila) 2.165491563465_at PKD1L1 polycystic kidney disease 1 like 1 2.06488 203895_atPLCB4 phospholipase C, beta 4 1.68346 203896_s_at PLCB4 phospholipase C,beta 4 2.41741 240033_at PLG plasminogen 1.56995 207374_at PLSCR2phospholipid scramblase 2 1.56409 224421_x_at PMCHL1pro-melanin-concentrating hormone-like 1 2.02666 224418_x_at PMCHL1pro-melanin-concentrating hormone-like 1 1.90155 224419_x_at PMCHL1pro-melanin-concentrating hormone-like 1 2.04898 224422_x_at PMCHL2pro-melanin-concentrating hormone-like 2 1.91294 206826_at PMP2peripheral myelin protein 2 2.22591 219926_at POPDC3 popeye domaincontaining 3 1.64053 1555778_a_at POSTN periostin, osteoblast specificfactor 1.55784 210809_s_at POSTN periostin, osteoblast specific factor1.68545 1569675_at POU2AF1 POU class 2 associating factor 1, mRNA (cDNAclone 2.48784 MGC: 45211 IMAGE: 5554134) 207109_at POU2F3 POU class 2homeobox 3 1.72743 207084_at POU3F2 POU class 3 homeobox 2 1.51578219195_at PPARGC1A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma,coactivator 1 2.39587 alpha 232073_at PPFIA2 protein tyrosinephosphatase, receptor type, f polypeptide 1.76444 (PTPRF), interacting204517_at PPIC peptidylprolyl isomerase C (cyclophilin C) 2.51701236142_at PPIH U-snRNP-associated cyclophilin (USA-CyP) −1.72474223999_at PPIL2 peptidylprolyl isomerase (cyclophilin)-like 2 1.505161555462_at PPP1R1C protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit1C 2.33566 240187_at PPP1R3C protein phosphatase 1, regulatory(inhibitor) subunit 3C 1.52454 202886_s_at PPP2R1B protein phosphatase 2(formerly 2A), regulatory subunit A, beta −1.54317 isoform 220673_s_atPPP4R4 protein phosphatase 4, regulatory subunit 4 1.97256 230311_s_atPRDM6 PR domain containing 6 1.62777 238441_at PRKAA2 protein kinase,AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit 1.64369 227892_at PRKAA2protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit 1.671241554910_at PRKD3 protein kinase D3 −1.6967 220696_at PRO0478 PRO0478protein 2.36786 220883_at PRO2012 hypothetical protein PRO2012 1.781208004_at PROL1 proline rich, lacrimal 1 2.63065 228656_at PROX1prospero homeobox 1 1.83495 242119_at PROX1 Homeodomain protein (Prox 1)1.93805 229376_at PROX1 prospero homeobox 1 2.24415 1552455_at PRUNE2prune homolog 2 (Drosophila) 2.21968 210195_s_at PSG1 pregnancy specificbeta-1-glycoprotein 1 2.30034 222796_at PTCD1 pentatricopeptide repeatdomain 1 1.61999 209816_at PTCH1 patched homolog 1 (Drosophila) 1.758091552848_a_at PTCHD1 patched domain containing 1 1.75618 228825_at PTGR1prostaglandin reductase 1 2.7707 210355_at PTHLH parathyroidhormone-like hormone 1.52732 1555324_at PTK7 PTK7 protein tyrosinekinase 7 2.09835 209465_x_at PTN pleiotrophin 1.77916 211737_x_at PTNpleiotrophin 1.62249 208011_at PTPN22 protein tyrosine phosphatase,non-receptor type 22 (lymphoid) 1.55539 213362_at PTPRD protein tyrosinephosphatase, receptor type, D 1.55396 214043_at PTPRD protein tyrosinephosphatase, receptor type, D 4.76051 204944_at PTPRG protein tyrosinephosphatase, receptor type, G 2.03281 235634_at PURG purine-rich elementbinding protein G 2.04289 215517_at PYGO1 pygopus homolog 1 (Drosophila)1.83752 239570_at RAB1A GTP-binding protein (RAB1A) mRNA, 3′untranslated region −1.61026 241977_s_at RAB3C RAB3C, member RASoncogene family (RAB3C), mRNA 1.93934 224200_s_at RAD18 RAD18 homolog(S. cerevisiae) −1.56083 223417_at RAD18 RAD18 homolog (S. cerevisiae)−1.61243 234662_at RAD21L1 RAD21-like 1 (S. pombe) 2.08749 204146_atRAD51AP1 RAD51 associated protein 1 −1.97583 206591_at RAG1recombination activating gene 1 2.08266 242712_x_at RANBP2 /// RANbinding protein 2 /// RANBP2-like and GRIP domain 1.6504 RGPD1 ///containing 1 /// RANBP2-li RGPD2 /// RGPD3 /// RGPD4 /// RGPD5 /// RGPD6/// RGPD7 /// RGPD8 217201_at RASAL2 RAS protein activator like 21.84564 1557432_at RASAL2 RAS protein activator like 2 2.14711 217194_atRASAL2 RAS protein activator like 2 3.48961 1553986_at RASEF RAS andEF-hand domain containing 1.63337 1553185_at RASEF RAS and EF-handdomain containing 1.64601 1553186_x_at RASEF RAS and EF-hand domaincontaining 1.848 235638_at RASSF6 Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domainfamily member 6 2.07978 225846_at RBM35A RNA binding motif protein 35A1.61178 219121_s_at RBM35A RNA binding motif protein 35A 1.76238242516_x_at RBM46 RNA binding motif protein 46 3.82539 1560322_at RBMS3RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 1.60171 238447_atRBMS3 RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 4.85901209487_at RBPMS RNA binding protein with multiple splicing 2.17673232359_at RDH11 Vesicle soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (VT11)1.86356 212398_at RDX radixin 1.899 1561720_at RECQL5 RecQ protein-like5 3.42158 205923_at RELN reelin 1.58794 220276_at RERGL RERG/RAS-like1.7491 203225_s_at RFK riboflavin kinase −1.66609 223673_at RFX4regulatory factor X, 4 (influences HLA class II expression) 2.132061556354_s_at RGL3 ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 31.56724 1568752_s_at RGS13 regulator of G-protein signaling 13 2.03693209071_s_at RGS5 regulator of G-protein signaling 5 1.55719 237719_x_atRGS7BP regulator of G-protein signaling 7 binding protein 2.97708233409_at RHBDL3 rhomboid, veinlet-like 3 (Drosophila) 1.6217238906_s_at RHOJ ras homolog gene family, member J 1.71684 1552922_atRIMS1 regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 1 1.58145 235153_at RNF183ring finger protein 183 1.59993 210931_at RNF6 ring finger protein(C3H2C3 type) 6 1.9021 226709_at ROBO2 roundabout, axon guidancereceptor, homolog 2 (Drosophila) 1.71534 226766_at ROBO2 roundabout,axon guidance receptor, homolog 2 (Drosophila) 1.66383 240425_x_at ROBO2Roundabout 2 (robo2) 2.35616 242385_at RORB RAR-related orphan receptorB 4.22051 1555990_at RP1-127L4.6 hypothetical protein LOC150297 2.081071556222_at RP11-291L22.2 similar to cell division cycle 10 1.74943235700_at RP13-36C9.6 cancer/testis antigen CT45-5 1.55319 204666_s_atRP5-1000E10.4 suppressor of IKK epsilon 1.58185 235294_at RP5-1000E10.4suppressor of IKK epsilon −1.58872 230661_at RPESP RPE-spondin (RPESP),mRNA 1.54079 238375_at RPL22 Full open reading frame cDNA cloneRZPDo834F116D for gene 6.19279 RPL22, ribosomal prote 238370_x_at RPL22Full open reading frame cDNA clone RZPDo834F116D for gene 5.65484 RPL22,ribosomal prote 215249_at RPL35A ribosomal protein L35a −1.53549213459_at RPL37A ribosomal protein L37a −1.577 220738_s_at RPS6KA6ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90 kDa, polypeptide 6 1.81745 228186_s_atRSPO3 R-spondin 3 homolog (Xenopus laevis) 2.10349 1553277_at RTTNrotatin 1.55066 215321_at RUNDC3B RUN domain containing 3B 2.53893205528_s_at RUNX1T1 runt-related transcription factor 1; translocatedto, 1 (cyclin D- 2.02137 related) 205529_s_at RUNX1T1 runt-relatedtranscription factor 1; translocated to, 1 (cyclin D- 3.23118 related)239150_at S100A1L Protein S100-A1-like 1.67335 229273_at SALL1 sal-like1 (Drosophila) 2.31825 1553411_s_at SALL3 sal-like 3 (Drosophila)1.64155 232847_at SALL3 sal-like 3 (Drosophila) 2.0568 1569443_at SAMD5sterile alpha motif domain containing 5 1.50746 228653_at SAMD5 sterilealpha motif domain containing 5 1.52142 1559882_at SAMHD1 Full lengthinsert cDNA clone YP80A10 1.63358 1569599_at SAMSN1 SAMSN1 variant b(SAMSN1) mRNA, complete cds; 1.67178 alternatively spliced 211423_s_atSC5DL sterol-C5-desaturase (ERG3 delta-5-desaturase homolog, S.cerevisiae)- −1.78404 like 206667_s_at SCAMP1 secretory carrier membraneprotein 1 3.99037 206021_at SCAND2 SCAN domain containing 2 pseudogene1.76903 220232_at SCD5 stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5 2.02692 1554921_a_atSCEL sciellin 1.64729 206884_s_at SCEL sciellin 1.98342 59705_at SCLYselenocysteine lyase −1.63837 210853_at SCN11A sodium channel,voltage-gated, type XI, alpha subunit 2.60254 1555246_a_at SCN1A sodiumchannel, voltage-gated, type I, alpha subunit 2.29049 210383_at SCN1Asodium channel, voltage-gated, type I, alpha subunit 3.19642 229057_atSCN2A sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, alpha subunit 1.98264212157_at SDC2 syndecan 2 1.50872 229522_at SDR42E1 short chaindehydrogenase/reductase family 42E, member 1 −1.52939 206941_x_at SEMA3Esema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, 2.31714secreted, (semaphor 226492_at SEMA6D sema domain, transmembrane domain(TM), and cytoplasmic 1.52645 domain, (semaphorin) 6D 239889_at SERP2Stress-associated endoplasmic reticulum protein family member 1.64374 2,mRNA (cDNA clon 211361_s_at SERPINB13 serpin peptidase inhibitor, cladeB (ovalbumin), member 13 1.54593 217272_s_at SERPINB13 serpin peptidaseinhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 13 2.91352 240709_at SEZ6Lseizure related 6 homolog (mouse)-like 1.86136 233753_at SFRS15 splicingfactor, arginine/serine-rich 15 −1.58165 237485_at SFRS3 Pre-mRNAsplicing factor SRp20, 5′UTR region 1.63657 230730_at SGCD sarcoglycan,delta (35 kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein) 1.56939 228602_at SGCDsarcoglycan, delta (35 kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein) 2.64714231938_at SGOL1 Shugoshin-like 1 (S. pombe), mRNA (cDNA clone 1.93941IMAGE: 3861301) 225162_at SH3D19 SH3-domain containing 19 1.6843211565_at SH3GL3 SH3-domain GRB2-like 3 6.2489 213307_at SHANK2 SH3 andmultiple ankyrin repeat domains 2 2.22882 235238_at SHC4 SHC (Srchomology 2 domain containing) family, member 4 2.48968 207570_at SHOXshort stature homeobox 3.56283 208443_x_at SHOX2 short stature homeobox2 1.65982 210135_s_at SHOX2 short stature homeobox 2 4.81277 1554354_atSIAE sialic acid acetylesterase 1.6335 215856_at SIGLEC15 sialic acidbinding Ig-like lectin 15 1.59259 228347_at SIX1 SIX homeobox 1 1.60659206634_at SIX3 SIX homeobox 3 2.19671 206675_s_at SKIL SKI-like oncogene−1.59872 237106_at SLC11A2 NRAMP2 1.57374 220502_s_at SLC13A1 solutecarrier family 13 (sodium/sulfate symporters), member 1 2.41997211349_at SLC15A1 solute carrier family 15 (oligopeptide transporter),member 1 1.63562 205317_s_at SLC15A2 solute carrier family 15(H+/peptide transporter), member 2 −1.94245 205234_at SLC16A4 solutecarrier family 16, member 4 (monocarboxylic acid −1.66979 transporter 5)220551_at SLC17A6 solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganicphosphate 2.40381 cotransporter), m 232232_s_at SLC22A16 solute carrierfamily 22 (organic cation/carnitine transporter), −2.99841 member 16234561_at SLC2A13 solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucosetransporter), member 1.52225 13 239596_at SLC30A7 solute carrier family30 (zinc transporter), member 7 1.91435 220796_x_at SLC35E1 solutecarrier family 35, member E1 1.67755 228060_at SLC35F1 solute carrierfamily 35, member F1 2.29249 220786_s_at SLC38A4 solute carrier family38, member 4 1.67855 1553126_a_at SLC39A12 solute carrier family 39(zinc transporter), member 12 1.66587 228945_s_at SLC39A8 MRNA, 3′UTR,up-regulated by BCG-CWS 1.67744 210739_x_at SLC4A4 solute carrier family4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, 1.6053 member 4 211494_s_at SLC4A4solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, 2.49002member 4 231424_at SLC5A12 solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucosecotransporter), member 3.26263 12 1554724_at SLC6A11 solute carrierfamily 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, GABA), 1.51255 member 111556641_at SLC7A14 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acidtransporter, y+ 1.50049 system), member 14 216604_s_at SLC7A8 solutecarrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ 1.76482 system),member 8 1552745_at SLCO6A1 solute carrier organic anion transporterfamily, member 6A1 1.63132 236734_at SLITRK1 SLIT and NTRK-like family,member 1 1.73464 232481_s_at SLITRK6 SLIT and NTRK-like family, member 61.9486 215599_at SMA4 glucuronidase, beta pseudogene 1.96895 207441_atSMR3B submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B 1.789091556629_a_at SNAP25 HUMSNAP25B(F) 2.68011 219511_s_at SNCAIP synuclein,alpha interacting protein 1.66212 237834_at SNCAIP synuclein, alphainteracting protein 1.86709 232547_at SNIP SNAP25-interacting protein3.23498 202691_at SNRPD1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D1 polypeptide16 kDa −1.70602 216850_at SNRPN small nuclear ribonucleoproteinpolypeptide N 1.74192 1559545_at SNRPN small nuclear ribonucleoproteinpolypeptide N 2.24102 240204_at SNRPN small nuclear ribonucleoproteinpolypeptide N 2.35762 220487_at SNTG2 syntrophin, gamma 2 −1.61256218705_at SNX24 sorting nexin 24 −1.55845 239739_at SNX24 sorting nexin24 1.99704 241987_x_at SNX31 sorting nexin 31 3.63912 223666_at SNX5sorting nexin 5 −1.61478 1563906_at SOBP sine oculis binding proteinhomolog (Drosophila) 1.59114 209648_x_at SOCS5 suppressor of cytokinesignaling 5 −1.52633 1558815_at SORBS2 sorbin and SH3 domain containing2 2.73073 204914_s_at SOX11 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 112.70367 204913_s_at SOX11 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 11 4.13442223865_at SOX6 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 6 1.87491 1570486_atSOX6 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 6 1.85225 202936_s_at SOX9 SRY(sex determining region Y)-box 9 1.53496 202935_s_at SOX9 SRY (sexdetermining region Y)-box 9 3.35729 231178_at SPATA4 spermatogenesisassociated 4 1.61457 209891_at SPC25 SPC25, NDC80 kinetochore complexcomponent, homolog (S. cerevisiae) 1.75386 206318_at SPINLW1 serinepeptidase inhibitor-like, with Kunitz and WAP domains 1 1.7884 (eppin)235342_at SPOCK3 spare/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domainsproteglycan 2.41614 (testican) 3 220456_at SPTLC3 serinepalmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 3 2.15437 241961_atSRD5A2L2 steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2-like 2 3.63908 241734_at SRFBP1serum response factor binding protein 1 −1.55343 1554473_at SRGAP1SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 1 2.85701 228628_at SRGAP2P1SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2 pseudogene 1 2.17844 214597_atSSTR2 somatostatin receptor 2 1.79921 215885_at SSX2 synovial sarcoma, Xbreakpoint 2 1.80412 208586_s_at SSX4 /// SSX4B synovial sarcoma, Xbreakpoint 4 /// synovial sarcoma, X 1.7382 breakpoint 4B 206835_atSTATH statherin 1.86909 204595_s_at STC1 stanniocalcin 1 1.67438204597_x_at STC1 stanniocalcin 1 3.94696 202695_s_at STK17Aserine/threonine kinase 17a −1.53066 223883_s_at STK31 serine/threoninekinase 31 1.59045 231969_at STOX2 storkhead box 2 3.87778 223245_atSTRBP spermatid perinuclear RNA binding protein −1.59889 235180_at STYXserine/threonine/tyrosine interacting protein −1.63483 212354_at SULF1sulfatase 1 1.9771 222940_at SULT1E1 sulfotransferase family 1E,estrogen-preferring, member 1 1.76639 213247_at SVEP1 sushi, vonWillebrand factor type A, EGF and pentraxin domain 1.77875 containing 11553129_at SVEP1 sushi, von Willebrand factor type A, EGF and pentraxindomain 1.98786 containing 1 216917_s_at SYCP1 synaptonemal complexprotein 1 2.71601 206740_x_at SYCP1 synaptonemal complex protein 12.55636 215350_at SYNE1 spectrin repeat containing, nuclear envelope 11.84406 202796_at SYNPO synaptopodin −1.54553 225720_at SYNPO2synaptopodin 2 2.47627 229053_at SYT17 CDNA FLJ56448 complete cds,highly similar to Homo sapiens −2.12139 synaptotagmin XVII (S202287_s_at TACSTD2 tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 2.08528242318_at TAPT1 Transmembrane anterior posterior transformation 1(TAPT1), 1.65116 mRNA 214413_at TAT Tyrosine aminotransferase 1.56842221858_at TBC1D12 TBC1 domain family, member 12 −1.89833 1563272_atTBC1D8B TBC1 domain family, member 8B (with GRAM domain) 1.60724233633_at TBL1XR1 Transducin (beta)-like 1X-linked receptor 1, mRNA(cDNA 2.06728 clone IMAGE: 4754868) 225544_at TBX3 T-box 3 2.58503240715_at TBX5 T-box 5 3.04595 1561254_at tcag7.1188 hypotheticalLOC340340 1.89091 1562664_at tcag7.929 hypothetical protein LOC2860091.65909 202823_at TCEB1 transcription elongation factor B (SIII),polypeptide 1 (15 kDa, −1.5985 elongin C) 206286_s_at TDGF1 ///teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 /// teratocarcinoma- 1.64616TDGF3 derived growth facto 214600_at TEAD1 TEA domain family member 1(SV40 transcriptional enhancer 1.68001 factor) 204653_at TFAP2Atranscription factor AP-2 beta (activating enhancer binding 1.80715protein 2 alpha) 214451_at TFAP2B transcription factor AP-2 beta(activating enhancer binding 2.80351 protein 2 beta) 233987_at TFAP2Dtranscription factor AP-2 delta (activating enhancer binding 1.66515protein 2 delta) 1566931_at TFB2M Transcription factor B2,mitochondrial, mRNA (cDNA clone 1.53869 IMAGE: 5311413) 1566932_x_atTFB2M Transcription factor B2, mitochondrial, mRNA (cDNA clone 1.53363IMAGE: 5311413) 215447_at TFPI Tissue factor pathway inhibitor(lipoprotein-associated 4.00815 coagulation inhibitor), 228121_at TGFB2transforming growth factor, beta 2 2.06407 235653_s_at THAP6 THAP domaincontaining 6 −1.78358 203083_at THBS2 thrombospondin 2 1.79394 204776_atTHBS4 thrombospondin 4 −1.51372 219044_at THNSL2 threonine synthase-like2 (S. cerevisiae) −1.81461 222835_at THSD4 thrombospondin, type I,domain containing 4 4.52581 230008_at THSD7A thrombospondin, type I,domain containing 7A 1.71666 214920_at THSD7A thrombospondin, type I,domain containing 7A 1.86908 210800_at TIMM8A translocase of innermitochondrial membrane 8 homolog A 3.55929 (yeast) 202011_at TJP1 tightjunction protein 1 (zona occludens 1) 2.15499 1555071_at TLL1tolloid-like 1 1.86768 215008_at TLL2 tolloid-like 2 3.33235 230061_atTM4SF18 MRNA; cDNA DKFZp313N1532 (from clone 1.61636 DKFZp313N1532)220639_at TM4SF20 transmembrane 4 L six family member 20 1.53906228610_at TM9SF3 CDNA FLJ90343 fis, clone NT2RP2002824, highly similarto 1.79254 Transmembrane 9 superfa 1564591_a_at TMC1 transmembranechannel-like 1 1.87321 1553636_at TMCO5A transmembrane and coiled-coildomains 5A 1.91589 1554866_at TMEM135 transmembrane protein 135 1.70254238497_at TMEM136 transmembrane protein 136 1.66054 239593_at TMEM213transmembrane protein 213 1.53796 209655_s_at TMEM47 transmembraneprotein 47 1.52814 204807_at TMEM5 transmembrane protein 5 −1.53392156377_at TMEM67 transmembrane protein 67 2.34523 1563646_a_at TMEM67transmembrane protein 67 2.05536 226483_at TMEM68 transmembrane protein68 −1.58264 213024_at TMF1 TATA element modulatory factor 1 −1.513220431_at TMPRSS11E /// transmembrane protease, serine 11E ///transmembrane protease, 1.56517 TMPRSS11E2 serine 11E2 1555707_at TNAPTRAFs and NIK-associated protein 2.65475 216005_at TNC Tenascin 2.11502216042_at TNFRSF25 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 25−1.54437 1557278_s_at TNPO1 Transportin 1, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC: 171161.686 IMAGE: 4178989) 232750_at TNS1 Tensin 1, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:4546443) 2.98094 237469_at TOP2A Topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha 170 kDa,mRNA (cDNA clone 1.75261 IMAGE: 4101949) 220205_at TPTE transmembranephosphatase with tensin homology 2.99568 1556876_s_at TPTEps1 TPTEpseudogene 1 3.4786 244334_at TRAM1L1 translocation associated membraneprotein 1-like 1 1.80692 1552791_a_at TRDN triadin 1.71337 222754_atTRNT1 tRNA nucleotidyl transferase, CCA-adding, 1 −1.57097 210814_atTRPC3 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 32.29944 234407_s_at TRPC7 transient receptor potential cation channel,subfamily C, member 7 2.14569 206479_at TRPM1 transient receptorpotential cation channel, subfamily M, member 1 1.86699 240386_at TRPM1Homo sapiens, clone IMAGE: 4332660, mRNA 1.91651 216452_at TRPM3transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 31.64176 233022_at TRPM3 transient receptor potential cation channel,subfamily M, member 3 2.69873 203824_at TSPAN8 tetraspanin 8 1.91188215146_s_at TTC28 tetratricopeptide repeat domain 28 1.584871556666_a_at TTC6 tetratricopeptide repeat domain 6 3.47481 240369_atTTC7A Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A, mRNA (cDNA clone −1.55993IMAGE: 5113102) 242771_at TTN Titin −1.82217 210614_at TTPA tocopherol(alpha) transfer protein 1.58646 230891_at TUBE1 Tubulin, epsilon 1,mRNA (cDNA clone MGC: 33949 2.16675 IMAGE: 5298159) 239742_at TULP4 Fulllength insert cDNA clone YU79H10 1.85499 213943_at TWIST1 twist homolog1 (Drosophila) 4.94261 220869_at UBA6 ubiquitin-like modifier activatingenzyme 6 1.7396 1569262_x_at UBE2CBP ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2Cbinding protein 2.10912 233327_at UBE2CBP ubiquitin-conjugating enzymeE2C binding protein 2.67633 234163_at UBE3A E6-AP isoform-III 2.16744234166_at UBE3A E6-AP isoform-III 1.65174 1555834_at UCHL1 Protein geneproduct (PGP) 9.5 1.73702 221304_at UGT1A10 /// UDPglucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A10 /// UDP 2.06331 UGT1A6/// glucuronosyltransf UGT1A7 //// UGT1A8 221305_s_at UGT1A6 /// UDPglucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A6 /// UDP 2.18416 UGT1A8/// glucuronosyltransfe UGT1A9 211682_x_at UGT2B28 UDPglucuronosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B28 2.56318 226899_atUNC5B unc-5 homolog B (C. elegans) 2.95198 214640_at UNC93A unc-93homolog A (C. elegans) 1.66307 214382_at UNC93A unc-93 homolog A (C.elegans) 1.71701 1560320_a_at UNQ2963 hypothetical protein LOC283314−1.53983 221173_at USH1C Usher syndrome 1C (autosomal recessive, severe)1.52879 207706_at USH2A Usher syndrome 2A (autosomal recessive, mild)1.87956 232621_at USP48 ubiquitin specific peptidase 48 1.778131555065_x_at USP6 ubiquitin specific peptidase 6 (Tre-2 oncogene)1.77628 227399_at VGLL3 vestigial like 3 (Drosophila) 1.72088 220327_atVGLL3 vestigial like 3 (Drosophila) 1.88289 203844_at VHL vonHippel-Lindau tumor suppressor 1.64109 203106_s_at VPS41 vacuolarprotein sorting 41 homolog (S. cerevisiae) −1.70572 1561200_at VWA3B vonWillebrand factor A domain containing 3B 1.90857 1552430_at WDR17 WDrepeat domain 17 2.05322 219538_at WDR5B WD repeat domain 5B −1.61334242162_at WDR69 WD repeat domain 69 1.51724 220769_s_at WDR78 WD repeatdomain 78 2.25954 206954_at WIT1 Wilms tumor upstream neighbor 1 2.72357213425_at WNT5A wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5A1.52031 205990_s_at WNT5A wingless-type MMTV integration site family,member 5A 2.06024 206067_s_at WT1 Wilms tumor 1 1.72928 237656_at WWC2CDNA FLJ51450 complete cds, highly similar to Claudin-22 1.97362207598_x_at XRCC2 X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinesehamster 1.69611 cells 2 214776_x_at XYLB xyluolkinase homolog (H.influenzae) 1.87664 1569683_at XYLB xyluolkinase homolog (H. influenzae)1.60808 224895_at YAP1 Yes-associated protein 1, 65 kDa 2.12127206169_x_at ZC3H7B zinc finger CCCH-type containing 7B 1.55615 216844_atZC3H7B zinc finger CCCH-type containing 7B 2.3575 1553781_at ZC3HAV1Lzinc finger CCCH-type, antiviral 1-like 2.0001 219917_at ZCCHC4 zincfinger, CCHC domain containing 4 −1.52373 231946_at ZFHX2 zinc fingerhomeobox 2 1.53322 241700_at ZFHX4 zinc finger homeobox 4 1.74443222237_s_at ZFP112 zinc finger protein 112 homolog (mouse) −1.55145211773_s_at ZKSCAN3 zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 3 −1.527521552947_x_at ZNF114 zinc finger protein 114 1.90546 1552946_at ZNF114zinc finger protein 114 2.52625 207402_at ZNF132 zinc finger protein 132−1.58945 1558184_s_at ZNF17 zinc finger protein 17 −1.56615 1568644_atZNF208 zinc finger protein 208 2.29695 1568646_x_at ZNF208 zinc fingerprotein 208 3.20902 243456_at ZNF214 zinc finger protein 214 1.833021557322_at ZNF230 zinc finger protein 230 −1.76902 1559449_a_at ZNF254CDNA FLJ58216 complete cds, highly similar to Zinc finger −2.34406protein 539 215048_at ZNF280B zinc finger protein 280B 1.52294 236328_atZNF285A zinc finger protein 285A −1.73084 216710_x_at ZNF287 zinc fingerprotein 287 1.92695 227680_at ZNF326 zinc finger protein 326 −1.60787224276_at ZNF33A zinc finger protein 33A 1.76911 1562743_at ZNF33B Zincfinger protein 33B (ZNF33B), mRNA 1.50959 233169_at ZNF350 zinc fingerprotein 350 −1.54751 214761_at ZNF423 zinc finger protein 423 1.68652219848_s_at ZNF432 zinc finger protein 432 −1.52766 205928_at ZNF443zinc finger protein 443 −1.58322 226575_at ZNF462 zinc finger protein462 2.79327 244007_at ZNF462 zinc finger protein 462 2.050071555368_x_at ZNF479 zinc finger protein 479 3.58093 1555367_at ZNF479zinc finger protein 479 3.75576 1559988_at ZNF483 zinc finger protein483 2.28434 1557616_at ZNF496 zinc finger protein 496 −1.53565 226676_atZNF521 zinc finger protein 521 2.55441 226592_at ZNF618 zinc fingerprotein 618 1.51197 232272_at ZNF624 zinc finger protein 624 −1.603591553247_a_at ZNF709 zinc finger protein 709 −1.6001 1560201_at ZNF713zinc finger protein 713 1.5002 1553885_x_at ZNF99 zinc finger protein 991.66616 228330_at ZUFSP zinc finger with UFM1-specific peptidase domain−1.55835 1564685_a_at — — 1.83044 1566896_at — — 1.81016 238137_at — —1.61463 1562201_x_at — — 1.69439 241648_at — — −1.52957 236996_at — —−1.54814 1567706_at — — 1.9772 239082_at — — 1.62335 241235_at — —−1.5976 244767_at — — −1.56631 233424_at — — 1.90728 243655_x_at — —1.52941 236395_at — — −1.5143 239903_at — — 1.61809 1566645_at — —1.5476 1562341_at — — 1.52441 242952_at — — 1.55967 1559807_at — —1.70594 238155_at — — −1.5566 1566550_at — — 1.54738 242797_x_at — —−1.86201 242170_at — — −1.89134 1570098_at — — 1.82945 1559524_at — —−1.71546 239606_at — — −1.53539 1566544_at — — 1.61104 242133_s_at — —1.56343 1556760_a_at — — 2.00828 1563461_at — — 1.53995 1570645_at — —1.55841 240730_at — — 1.61181 236602_at — — 1.52722 242122_at — —−1.50641 1559410_at — — 1.7089 234100_at — — −1.52272 239856_at — —−2.23215 229243_at — — −1.73048 231465_at — — 1.62758 1562208_a_at — —1.87064 1561149_at — — 1.52562 240642_at — — −1.71584 1557658_at — —−1.61047 230503_at — — 1.60016 242494_at — — 1.6192 1561956_at — —1.59298 242495_at — — 1.57521 222320_at — — 1.61706 237886_at — —1.53331 1565788_at — — 1.65726 240133_x_at — — 1.88894 242074_at — —−1.54665 215029_at — — −1.61964 1568785_a_at — — 1.52688 243381_at — —1.63013 216173_at — — 1.57894 240688_at — — 1.52689 243584_at — —1.76235 231136_at — — 1.50646 1569833_at — — 1.60643 230168_at — —−1.93736 1564744_at — — 1.63372 1562010_x_at — — 1.50535 228734_at — —−1.67929 1560717_at — — 1.67536 243356_at — — 1.72703 1562935_at — —1.5956 240973_s_at — — −1.53876 207471_at — — 1.75431 222246_at — —1.84054 237102_at — — 1.73952 220871_at — — 1.80151 228643_at — —−1.6237 233180_at — — 2.25381 1559709_at — — 1.69535 242296_x_at — —1.56148 1562456_at — — 1.66178 1556518_at — — 1.537 233579_at — —2.32946 1563531_at — — 1.91261 216757_at — — 1.75028 234612_at — —1.54801 1562835_at — — 1.7128 234224_at — — 1.5186 242115_at — — 1.55051569527_at — — −1.54022 238415_at — — 1.53194 226231_at — — −1.79439240506_at — — 1.60003 240469_at — — 1.62514 1557885_at — — 1.52753237356_at — — 1.93218 242202_at — — 1.57335 236778_at — — 1.60299240355_at — — −1.66821 242142_at — — 1.80096 236038_at — — 2.109311557434_at — — 1.53917 227051_at — — −1.88686 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— 2.12499 241549_at — — 1.54525 1561962_at — — 2.008651567009_at — — 2.33801 238354_x_at — — 2.18921 240670_at — — 2.07815220729_at — — 2.066 1563414_at — — 1.68084 1562491_at — — 1.854161566805_at — — 2.49158 1564819_at — — 1.84755 1566848_x_at — — 1.63636244503_at — — 2.28069 244736_at — — 1.63528 232795_at — — 1.88485235938_at — — 2.53577 AFFX- — — 3.11913 M27830_3_at 233365_at — —2.76277 234282_at — — 2.01659 241667_x_at — — 1.7844 243211_at — —1.95149 1557029_at — — 1.88354 1564878_at — — 1.97934 242419_at — —1.54601 1560049_at — — 3.57066 243401_at — — 2.22064 1561012_at — —3.09703 1564451_at — — 2.88901 1563077_at — — 2.08269 244637_at — —1.83073 243694_at — — 1.56713 237422_at — — 1.60881 1557348_at — —3.30543 1564097_at — — 2.32219 240157_at — — 1.80217 241222_at — —1.72407 216104_at — — 1.72674 1570506_at — — 2.29335 1561418_at — —2.52035 1561658_at — — 2.77763 243035_at — — 1.77962 234179_at — —4.17162 1560760_s_at — — 3.16782 231040_at — — 1.98115 241387_at — —2.26199 1559724_at — — 1.82952 232793_at — — 2.69051 216007_at — —1.91365 238414_at — — 1.93724 1562464_at — — 2.31276 232582_at — —1.64746 244867_at — — 2.06707 234652_at — — 1.61083 236256_at — —1.97291 232723_at — — 2.09444 233043_at — — 2.7178 234593_at — — 1.86662233606_at — — 3.32752 233668_at — — 2.29868 1558019_at — — 1.76057233593_at — — 1.64392 1561777_at — — 2.12493 241536_at — — 2.91919236962_at — — 1.50896 1564654_at — — 1.58649 244821_at — — 2.35422231597_x_at — — 3.28195 1564807_at — — 2.09646 1562137_at — — 1.80249243781_at — — 1.69708 244762_at — — 2.22632 236276_at — — 2.00169238408_at — — 2.44824 1560189_at — — 1.70373 1561703_at — — 3.73005233427_x_at — — 1.53672 233828_at — — 1.6531 234509_at — — 2.11383238411_x_at — — 3.42466 244211_at — — 1.94329 221174_at — — 2.058341570125_at — — 2.23673 233257_at — — 2.01104 233406_at — — 2.437191562351_at — — 1.79422 237353_at — — 2.53975 233053_at — — 2.26447243424_at — — 2.31946 237962_x_at — — 2.49202 1562613_at — — 2.670971566846_at — — 2.74769 231239_at — — 1.81363 1562311_at — — 1.52118216496_s_at — — 1.69818 1562853_x_at — — 1.6179 215801_at — — 2.677531569809_at — — 1.54798 1566469_at — — 2.73721 1569858_at — — 2.289841563561_at — — 1.95979 1562828_at — — 1.91629 1559434_at — — 2.23908240738_at — — 1.68702 1555498_at — — 1.8321 1561309_x_at — — 1.53931566658_at — — 1.88495 243828_at — — 1.87947 239887_at — — 1.96566231315_at — — 2.14126 1556834_at — — 5.45617 230959_at — — 3.63868237361_at — — 1.89401 241769_at — — 2.05931 244112_x_at — — 3.843721566633_at — — 1.96728 216414_at — — 1.87759 231598_x_at — — 4.5426237557_at — — 2.78756 1566969_at — — 1.76339 241654_at — — 2.02175240522_at — — 1.83066 1562420_at — — 2.41252 234827_at — — 1.91205216214_at — — 2.46673 231546_at — — 1.98214 1562820_at — — 1.67996233744_at — — 1.99092 243902_at — — 2.50007 234531_at — — 2.089461561453_at — — 1.68606 237207_at — — 2.79429 216595_at — — 3.777261568611_at — — 2.16277 1566716_at — — 1.92697 240502_at — — 3.31561238178_at — — 1.87863 1562076_at — — 2.40574 234581_at — — 1.71821239993_at — — 1.6141 1561087_at — — 2.91713 239303_at — — 1.83918240788_at — — 1.76033 234578_at — — 1.93338 241633_x_at — — 1.98454241509_at — — 1.88307 1566938_at — — 1.62844 241636_x_at — — 2.811141562169_at — — 2.81005 242715_at — — 3.98461 1568872_at — — 1.75381556021_at — — 2.6888 241254_at — — 2.0837 1564083_at — — 2.393741564547_x_at — — 2.68196 237149_at — — 1.70862 233658_at — — 1.82247228732_at — — 1.55938 1561450_at — — 1.70802 234104_at — — 1.614761563190_at — — 2.07844 241870_at — — 1.85956 233448_s_at — — 2.2761561351_at — — 2.00141 239970_at — — 3.00339 1559149_at — — 1.901071569944_at — — 2.22129 216745_x_at — — 1.747 1561199_at — — 3.48145241583_x_at — — 1.90832 234228_at — — 1.73472 241287_x_at — — 1.75873233853_at — — 1.55509 1566970_at — — 2.31372 224546_at — — 2.913641570191_at — — 2.76356 215810_x_at — — 1.56175 231284_at — — 1.94763239025_at — — 1.66351 1566748_at — — 2.34934 1569577_x_at — — 1.812711562083_at — — 3.40841 234279_at — — 1.75062 236576_at — — 1.786651562677_at — — 1.8276 1560131_at — — 2.6117 216858_x_at — — 1.51461556622_s_at — — 2.38938 244258_at — — 2.02288 1566426_at — — 2.345261555365_x_at — — 2.6206 1561938_at — — 2.13371 1560745_at — — 1.79518234558_at — — 1.82691 216764_at — — 1.78566 1570155_at — — 2.220051561411_at — — 1.51791 1564070_s_at — — 1.64228 233449_at — — 1.76305216286_at — — 2.06666 240431_at — — 1.86816 244613_at — — 1.93862241628_at — — 2.01118 1564134_at — — 2.32579 1555187_at — — 1.524361566863_at — — 4.56348 237898_at — — 1.51413 1563138_at — — 1.72121238358_x_at — — 3.14686 243533_x_at — — 2.2352 1558170_at — — 2.473881564107_at — — 2.4479 234773_x_at — — 1.85715 1556936_at — — 2.00321561143_at — — 1.53123 242420_at — — 2.36834 222325_at — — 3.026841568878_at — — 2.17186 220874_at — — 2.17222 222300_at — — 2.40438243262_at — — 1.86741 1570176_at — — 2.79226 1562111_at — — 5.117421555364_at — — 2.73119 244668_at — — 2.52855 233875_at — — 2.9792239959_x_at — — 1.60572 215634_at — — 2.33921 233908_x_at — — 3.48141237458_at — — 1.59163 1560775_at — — 2.48169 239095_at — — 2.26387241044_x_at — — 2.11189 228731_at — — 1.87164 1559360_at — — 2.73146233529_at — — 1.63141 238410_x_at — — 2.90964 234087_at — — 1.80534241061_at — — 2.21281 230859_at — — 2.68677 237675_at — — 1.54439234723_x_at — — 1.90196 1561364_at — — 3.40486 1561953_at — — 2.39151215849_x_at — — 1.72743 1566887_x_at — — 2.41216 1560517_s_at — —2.16789 220851_at — — 2.14141 238392_at — — 1.84284 1566609_at — —2.48679 1564610_at — — 1.98581 215811_at — — 2.30524 1563396_x_at — —1.65546 241584_at — — 1.90797 228679_at — — 2.37001 241119_at — —2.46146 237933_at — — 2.58393 1570624_at — — 1.7321 242500_at — —3.04026 216575_at — — 4.14875 1566637_at — — 2.58398 1566967_at — —2.61969 236389_x_at — — 1.73264 1563941_at — — 3.17348 244480_at — —3.52279 233372_at — — 1.65994 1563115_at — — 2.22091 1562642_at — —3.39927 1561473_at — — 2.4745 238362_at — — 3.29508 1564767_at — —2.62248 241200_x_at — — 1.72239 242532_at — — 4.03908 238297_at — —2.10442 1570300_at — — 2.38986 1562678_at — — 2.4369 237700_at — —2.31864 1561212_at — — 2.10873 240208_at — — 1.73797 238755_at — —2.35516 241883_x_at — — 1.67224 243183_at — — 2.87008 1559780_at — —1.80843 237454_at — — 1.84902 233133_at — — 1.86437 237608_at — —1.67052 215643_at — — 3.20534 237399_at — — 2.50183 1560144_at — —2.65265 220859_at — — 2.28617 237049_at — — 1.59226 216463_at — —2.33052 1555373_at — — 2.40199 1561657_at — — 1.67151 240921_at — —1.93703 1569409_x_at — — 1.62694 237552_at — — 2.25696 238390_at — —3.49633 220878_at — — 2.63943 244420_at — — 2.17474 1561895_at — —2.59003 233373_at — — 2.31025 232712_at — — 3.31619 244282_at — —1.64142 215473_at — — 1.73547 238274_at — — 1.71931 243041_s_at — —3.902 215448_at — — 5.09122 241542_at — — 2.64253 237480_at — — 1.97714242769_at — — 2.65101 240956_at — — 2.82294 242840_at — — 1.814431558048_x_at — — 4.43301 241094_at — — 1.94022 241945_at — — 1.757561561242_at — — 3.36844 216319_at — — 2.21853 1569927_at — — 2.86702234096_at — — 1.89863 242645_at — — 2.01823 234653_at — — 1.920051557778_at — — 1.77943 1563494_at — — 1.61383 215962_at — — 3.60791242652_at — — 1.9361 1561795_at — — 1.78961 1566498_at — — 2.744671563963_at — — 2.14216 238386_x_at — — 1.99773 232817_at — — 2.194061569759_at — — 2.46257 244885_at — — 1.90316 242310_at — — 1.913591569596_at — — 3.39789 241183_at — — 2.94372 230791_at — — 3.796761570268_at — — 2.16933 1557832_at — — 2.09744 1570177_at — — 2.4673234655_at — — 1.89067 1561065_at — — 1.64279 1562480_at — — 3.839811557644_at — — 2.59969 234690_at — — 1.69061 216518_at — — 1.90215234794_at — — 2.89785 240186_at — — 3.29381 240714_at — — 2.18363217132_at — — 1.72792 1561881_at — — 2.35965 1562992_at — — 2.461321568794_at — — 2.94005 1568936_a_at — — 2.0225 1557665_at — — 2.99179233944_at — — 4.72023 240160_x_at — — 1.65013 231212_x_at — — 2.89146243756_at — — 2.11775 232944_at — — 2.10953 243177_at — — 3.23332243442_x_at — — 1.9452 243897_at — — 1.82779 240825_at — — 2.476271569664_at — — 4.45065 228936_at — — 2.51633 1562353_x_at — — 1.69798224237_at — — 2.90306 244169_x_at — — 3.29173 241632_x_at — — 1.59752228934_x_at — — 2.47447 220877_at — — 2.67012 228218_at — — 2.190261561340_at — — 1.59817 240988_x_at — — 3.81074 234270_at — — 2.295251570246_at — — 2.06463 240904_at — — 2.72454 238368_at — — 4.76547240364_at — — 2.02402 233209_at — — 2.54469 215290_at — — 3.33519233035_at — — 1.72582 1562997_a_at — — 2.34547 229823_at — — 1.67524244866_at — — 2.04538 1563546_at — — 6.23891 233906_at — — 3.09354242266_x_at — — 2.86831 243466_at — — 2.07149 1570623_at — — 2.34232243632_at — — 2.62996 240864_at — — 3.79135 1569539_at — — 5.27322243489_at — — 6.03255 207744_at — — 2.86433 237684_at — — 2.312261570054_at — — 1.9518 1557025_a_at — — 3.49339 1566115_at — — 2.728491561069_at — — 3.10071 1564840_at — — 2.47198 215976_at — — 2.165091563660_at — — 4.23944 216290_x_at — — 1.90371 233401_at — — 4.47535233653_at — — 1.6959 234015_at — — 2.59514 1563026_at — — 2.232210893_at — — 2.14379 1563316_at — — 4.10042 1554225_a_at — — 3.187151562071_at — — 1.73705 1561754_at — — 5.09305 232453_at — — 2.65615243273_at — — 2.91387 244300_at — — 1.81931 238381_x_at — — 1.850341561713_at — — 3.415 234213_at — — 1.5293 231494_at — — 4.232331560025_at — — 3.35764 217617_at — — 2.45438 1570152_at — — 2.42411235079_at — — 2.25401 1564841_at — — 3.20049 237871_x_at — — 3.55396236881_at — — 1.86195 233932_at — — 3.68719 234137_s_at — — 2.307751568660_a_at — — 3.72993 222339_x_at — — 2.47329 1563033_x_at — —6.31222 1559814_at — — 2.7905 1556794_at — — 2.98574 1560002_at — —1.93616 1561879_at — — 2.39371 237596_at — — 3.34796 1561513_at — —1.8622 241673_x_at — — 2.80804 1561767_at — — 2.33844 228827_at — —4.64642 1563332_at — — 1.95777 1562800_at — — 2.06622 237530_at — —2.59509 244412_at — — 2.89052 232538_at — — 3.79966 1561543_at — —5.85562 1555926_a_at — — 3.01372 238407_at — — 2.73065 240112_at — —2.66998 1556989_at — — 2.84888 241506_at — — 2.4216 1563038_at — —2.87832 237983_at — — 3.01582 1563187_at — — 3.70922 1559697_a_at — —3.36172 1557762_at — — 5.09552 1564631_at — — 2.34427 239984_at — —2.4818 1556935_at — — 4.49148 233793_at — — 3.15092 1561902_at — —3.08744 232935_at — — 2.11436 244051_at — — 1.55456 1562797_at — —3.02768 1563032_at — — 6.99365 242232_at — — 3.47935 1563189_at — —4.43695 228502_at — — 3.37897 222288_at — — 6.71681 1556983_a_at — —3.92804 1558496_at — — 5.84122 1566600_at — — 1.99013 1557645_at — —2.36718 231227_at — — 1.90383 238384_x_at — — 3.07283 240331_at — —6.60003 1569818_at — — 2.5437 1562084_at — — 4.88308 238103_at — —2.96539 1561448_at — — 2.80876 240992_at — — 1.70856 1568812_at — —2.82372 1562276_at — — 4.36824 1564964_at — — 5.68325 233330_s_at — —4.92758 233282_at — — 3.53402 233331_at — — 2.99413 241649_at — —1.98701 1568711_a_at — — 1.88935 215736_at — — 3.18179 1553498_at — —3.65853 1559696_at — — 7.00732 241569_at — — 2.15149 241770_x_at — —2.35449 238956_at — — 1.77345 234105_at — — 2.45775 241026_at — —2.03428 1560533_at — — 1.83344 1559336_at — — 3.17434 238852_at — —1.85111 244626_at — — 3.61861 231687_at — — 2.06469 243974_at — —2.23029 1561642_at — — 2.17232 233611_at — — 2.79902 1569545_at — —2.96746 1569853_at — — 2.34808 217569_x_at — — 2.20119 244216_at — —3.52052 234057_at — — 3.12494 216406_at — — 3.25332 241676_x_at — —3.07696 234906_at — — 2.94251 1563881_at — — 2.97996 237937_x_at — —7.10043 1561856_at — — 8.77012 1561529_at — — 1.93256 230064_at — —2.99589 1564676_a_at — — 3.7315 1562755_at — — 4.87812 235494_at — —2.65509 1568871_at — — 1.71949 1562873_at — — 1.93511 1561214_at — —4.07318 242718_at — — 2.56091 1562811_at — — 2.21403 241457_at — —2.64311 1564851_at — — 2.15494 217085_at — — 2.04989 241566_at — —4.90225 1562916_at — — 4.01294 1564306_at — — 3.50683 243398_at — —4.93521 241247_at — — 2.40905 1561213_at — — 2.01136 1569810_at — —3.1075 1566622_at — — 3.07274 241312_at — — 3.10323 241567_at — —2.31223 1560905_at — — 5.46696 1560086_at — — 3.09926 1556263_s_at — —2.85076 244612_at — — 5.78514 1560296_at — — 3.17524 231503_at — —3.63922 222342_at — — 2.8616 1566638_at — — 1.90699 1561926_at — —3.80796 1563087_at — — 2.42998 234601_x_at — — 1.68879 216728_at — —3.90174 1562610_at — — 1.96876 234502_at — — 3.82276 242198_at — —2.81983 234235_at — — 5.71387 241675_s_at — — 6.66189 1555263_at — —2.30475 1566862_at — — 3.92941 207731_at — — 7.5127 231074_at — —5.19962 237233_at — — 4.19082 233279_at — — 2.601 237479_at — — 6.74027242802_x_at — — 4.62183 234800_at — — 1.88126 231091_x_at — — 3.87591241674_s_at — — 6.55087

TABLE 9 TIA subtype specific genes: pathways Ingenuity Canonical #Pathways p-value Molecules Molecules Axonal Guidance 2.48E−03 32 LRRC4C,BDNF, ARHGEF7, UNC5B, PGF, IGF1, Signaling SDC2, SRGAP1, EFNA5, ROBO2,SEMA3E, EPHA7, ADAM2, SHANK2, PTCH1, PIK3C2G, EPHA3, BMP5, ADAM18, GNAS,PLCB4, ADAM30, NTRK2, PAK3, ADAM12, NTRK3, SEMA6D, GNAO1, EPHA5, PAK7,WNT5A, FZD7 Hepatic Fibrosis/ 1.51E−02 13 LEP, EDNRB, IGFBP5, PGF,COL1A2, COL1A1, Hepatic Stellate Cell IGF1, PDGFRA, TGFB2, IFNAR1,AGTR1, Activation COL3A1, EGFR Human Embryonic 1.34E−02 13 BDNF, TDGF1,PIK3C2G, BMP5, GNAS, BMPR1B, Stem Cell NANOG, NTRK2, NTRK3, PDGFRA,TGFB2, Pluripotency FZD7, WNT5A Neuropathic Pain 9.78E−03 11 GRM5, GRM7,PLCB4, NTRK2, GPR37, BDNF, Signaling In Dorsal GRM8, GRM3, PIK3C2G,GRIA2, GRIA3 Horn Neurons Bladder Cancer 5.08E−03 11 FGF18, MMP26,MMP16, FGF14, FGF12, FGF20, Signaling FGF7, PGF, EGFR, MMP19, FGF5Amyotrophic Lateral 2.02E−02 10 NOS1, CACNA1E, IGF1, HECW1, PIK3C2G,Sclerosis Signaling GRIA2, CACNA1C, GRIK2, PGF, GRIA3 Glutamate Receptor2.74E−03 9 GRM5, GRM7, SLC17A6, GRM8, GRM3, GRIA2, Signaling GRIK2,HOMER1, GRIA3 GABA Receptor 2.23E−03 8 SLC6A11, GABBR2, GABRB3, GABRA4,Signaling GABRB1, GABBR1, MYO5B, GABRB2 Agrin Interactions at 2.35E−02 8NRG2, PAK3, ARHGEF7, ERBB4, NRG1, PAK7, Neuromuscular ERBB3, EGFRJunction Maturity Onset 2.46E−02 4 CACNA1E, ALDOB, FOXA2, CACNA1CDiabetes of Young (MODY) Signaling

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It is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein arefor illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changesin light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and areto be included within the spirit and purview of this application andscope of the appended claims. All publications, sequence accessionnumbers, patents, and patent applications cited herein are herebyincorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

1. A method for diagnosing a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or apredisposition for experiencing TIA, the method comprising: determininga level of expression of a plurality of TIA-associated biomarkers in abiological sample from a patient, wherein an increase or decrease of thelevel of expression compared to a control indicates that the patient hassuffered or is at risk of experiencing TIA, wherein the plurality ofTIA-associated biomarkers is selected from the biomarkers set forth inTables 1, 2, 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 7, 8 and
 9. 2-5. (canceled)
 6. The methodof claim 1, wherein an increased expression level of one or moreTIA-associated biomarkers selected from the group consisting ofDKFZP434B061, FAM55D, F1130375, IGFBP5, LTBR and SCN2A indicates thatthe patient has suffered or is at risk of experiencing TIA.
 7. Themethod of claim 1, wherein an increased expression level of one or moreTIA-associated biomarkers selected from the group consisting of GABRB2,ELAVL3, TWIST1, DPPA4, DKFZP434P211, DLX6, ZNF479, ASTN2, SNX31,ALS2CR11, LOC440345 indicates that the patient has suffered or is atrisk of experiencing TIA.
 8. (canceled)
 9. The method of claim 1,wherein a decreased expression level of one or more TIA-associatedbiomarkers selected from the group consisting of ATG9B, DIP2C, EDAR,GSTM1, GUSBL2, SMURF2, ZNF512B indicates that the patient has sufferedor is at risk of experiencing TIA.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein adecreased expression level of one or more TIA-associated biomarkersselected from the group consisting of NBPF10///RP11-9412.2, SFXN1,SPIN3, UNC84A, OLFM2, PPM1K, P2RY10, ZNF512B, MORF4L2, GIGYF2, ERAP2,SLFN13, LOC401431, MED6, BAIAP2L1///LOC100128461, LNPEP, MBNL1, NOS3,MCF2L, KIAA1659, SCAMPS, LOC648921, ANAPC5, SPON1, FUS, GPR22, GAL3ST4,METTL3, LOC100131096, FAAH2, SMURF2, SNRPN, FBLN7, GLS, G3BP1, RCAN3,EPHX2, DIP2C, CCDC141, CLTC, FOSB, CACNA1I, UNQ6228, ATG9B, AK5, SPIN3,RBM14, SNRPN, MAN1C1, HELLS, EDAR, SLC3A1, ZNF519,LOC100130070///LOC100130775///LOC100131787///LOC100131905///LOC100132291///LOC100132488///RPS27,ZC3H12B, IQGAP2, SOX8, WHDC1L2, TNPO1, TNFRSF21, TSHZ2,DMRTC1///DMRTC1B, GSTM1, GSTM2, PNMA6A, CAND1, CCND3, GSTM1, GUSBL2indicates that the patient has suffered or is at risk of experiencingTIA. 11-32. (canceled)
 33. The method of claim 1, wherein the level ofexpression of the biomarker is determined at the transcriptional level.34. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of expression is determinedby detecting hybridization of a TIA-associated gene probe to genetranscripts of the biomarkers in the biological sample.
 35. The methodof claim 34, wherein the hybridization step is performed on a nucleicacid microarray chip.
 36. The method of claim 34, wherein thehybridization step is performed in a microfluidics assay plate.
 37. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the level of expression is determined byamplification of gene transcripts of the biomarkers.
 38. The method ofclaim 37, wherein the amplification reaction is a polymerase chainreaction (PCR).
 39. (canceled)
 40. The method of claim 1, wherein thelevel of expression of at least 15 biomarkers is determined.
 41. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising the step of obtaining a biologicalsample.
 42. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological sample isblood, serum or plasma.
 43. The method of claim 1, wherein the controlis the expression level of a plurality of stably expressed endogenousreference biomarkers.
 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the one ormore endogenous reference biomarkers is selected from the groupconsisting of USP7, MAPRE2, CSNK1G2, SAFB2, PRKAR2A, PI4 KB, CRTC1,HADHA, MAP1LC3B, KAT5, CDC2L1///CDC2L2, GTSE1, CDC2L1///CDC2L2, TCF25,CHP, LRRC40, hCG 2003956///LYPLA2///LYPLA2P1, DAXX, UBE2NL, EIF1, KCMF1,PRKRIP1, CHMP4A, TMEM184C, TINF2, PODNL1, FBXO42, LOC441258, RRP1,C10orf104, ZDHHC5, C9orf23, LRRC45, NACC1, LOC100133445///LOCI-15110 andPEX16
 45. The method of claim 1, wherein the control is the expressionlevel of the same biomarker in a healthy individual.
 46. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the control is a threshold level of expressionrepresentative of a population of healthy individuals.
 47. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising the step of providing an appropriatetreatment or prevention regime for TIA to the patient.
 48. A solidsupport comprising a plurality of nucleic acids that hybridize to aplurality of the genes set forth in Table 2, a plurality of nucleicacids that hybridize to a plurality of the genes set forth in Table 5A,a plurality of nucleic acids that hybridize to a plurality of the genesset forth in Table 5B, a plurality of nucleic acids that hybridize to aplurality of the genes set forth in Table 5C, a plurality of nucleicacids that hybridize to a plurality of the genes set forth in Table 5D,a plurality of nucleic acids that hybridize to a plurality of the genesset forth in Table 7, a plurality of nucleic acids that hybridize to aplurality of the genes set forth in Table 8 and a plurality of nucleicacids that hybridize to a plurality of the genes set forth in Table 9.49. The solid support of claim 48, comprising a plurality of nucleicacids that hybridize to a plurality of the genes selected from the groupconsisting of GUSBL2, GSTM1, F1130375, SCN2A, DKFZP434B061, EDAR, ATG9B,DIP2C, LTBR, SMURF2, FAM55D, IGFBP5, and ZNF512B. 50-60. (canceled) 61.The solid support of claim 48, wherein the solid support is amicroarray.